Abraham Emanuel Frohlich
Frohlich, Abraham Emanuel, A Swiss Poet, Pastor And Professor, Was Born At Brugg (feb. 1, 1796) And Died At Baden (dec. 1, 1865), Both In The Canton Of Aargau. His Earliest Literary Work Was In The Form Of Versified Apologues (fabeln; 1825), Which Achieved Great Popularity For Their Satiri Cal ...
Abraham Fraunce
Fraunce, Abraham (c. 1558-1633), English Poet, A Native Of Shropshire, Was Born Between 1558 And 1560. He Was Educated At Shrewsbury And St. John's College, Cambridge, Where His Latin Comedy Of Victoria, Dedicated To Sidney, Was Probably Written. He Was Called To The Bar At Gray's Inn In 1588, And ...
Accepted Frewen
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Achille Fould
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Adolf Frey
Frey, Adolf Swiss Poet, Literary Historian And Critic, Son Of Jacob Frey, Was Born At Aarau On Feb. 18, And Died At Zurich On Feb. 12, 1920. He Became Professor Of German Literature, First At Aarau And Then At Zurich. His Chief Claim To Attention Is His Keen And Profound ...
Adolf Furtwangler
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After The War
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Akseli Valdemar Gallen Kallela
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Albert Gallatin
Gallatin, Albert American Statesman, Was Born In Geneva, Switzerland, On Jan. 29, 1761, Of An Old And Noble Family. His Father Died In 1765, His Mother Five Years Later, And He Was Cared For By His Grandparents And By A Mlle. Pictet, An Intimate Friend Of His Mother. In 1779 ...
Alfred Jules Emile Fouillee
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Amelita Galli Curci
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Anatole France
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Anders Fryxell
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Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (c. 1510-1586), Venetian Composer And Teacher, Was Born In Venice, In The Quarter Called Canareggio, About 151o. He Became A Pupil Of The Flemish Master Willaert, Maestro Di Cappella At St. Mark's. In 1566 He Succeeded Merulo As Second Organist Of St. Mark's And Was Later Appointed First ...
Andrew Foulis
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Antoine Fourcroy
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Antoine Francais
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Antoine Furetiere
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Antoine Galland
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Antoine Louis Prosper Fred
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Antoine Q U E
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Anus
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Atilius Fortunatianus
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August Hermann Francke
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Augustin Jean Fresnel
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Austria Europe
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Baldassare Galuppi
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Baron Motte
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Battle Of Froeschwiller
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Battle Of Le Cateau
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Battle Of The Ardennes
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Bay Of Fundy
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Benjamin Franklin
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Bonaparte In Egypt
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Campaigns In The Netherlands
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Carlo Innocenzio Maria Frugoni
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Caspar David Friedrich
Friedrich, Caspar David German Landscape Painter And Engraver, Born At Greifswald On Sept. 5, 1774. He Studied Under Dr. J. G. Quistorp, The University Draw Ing Master Of His Native Town, And From 1794 To 1798 At The Academy Of Copenhagen. He Then Settled At Dresden, Where He Was A ...
Cesar Franck
Franck, Cesar (1822-189o), French Musical Composer, A Belgian By Birth, Who Came Of German Stock, Was Born At Liege On Dec. 1o, 1822. After Some Studies At Liege He Came To Paris In 1837 And Entered The Conservatoire. His Early Compositions Date From This Period, And Include Four Trios For ...
Charles Alphonse Du Fresnoy
Fresnoy, Charles Alphonse Du French Painter And Writer On Art, Was Born In Paris. He Learned The Rudiments Of Design Under Perrier And Vouet. At The Age Of 21 He Went To Rome, And There Studied Raphael And The Antique. He Went In 1633 To Venice, And In 1656 Returned ...
Charles Auguste Frossard
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Charles Emile Freppel
Freppel, Charles Emile French Bishop And Politician, Was Born At Oberehnheim (obernai), Alsace, On June 1, 1827. He Was Consecrated Bishop Of Angers In 1870. In 188o He Was Elected Deputy For Brest. Being The Only Priest In The Chamber Of Deputies Since The Death Of Dupanloup, He Be Came ...
Charles Fowler
Fowler, Charles English Architect, Was Born At Cullompton, Devon, On May 17, 1792, And Died At Great Marlow On Sept. 26, 1867. After An Apprenticeship Of Five Years At Exeter, He Worked In The Office Of David Laing In London From 1814 Until He Began To Practise Alone. His First ...
Charles Friedel
Friedel, Charles (1832-99), French Chemist And Mineralogist, Was Born At Strasbourg On March 12, 183 2. In He Entered C. A. Wurtz's Laboratory, And In 1856 Was Appointed Conservator Of The Mineralogical Collections At The Ec Le Des Mines. In 1871 He Began To Lecture At The Ecole Normale, And ...
Charles Frohman
Frohman, Charles (186o-1915), American Theatrical Manager, Was Born At Sandusky, 0., On June 17, 1860. At The Age Of 12 He Started To Work At Night In The Office Of The New York Tribune, Attending School By Day. In 1874 He Began Work For The Daily Graphic. In 1877 He ...
Charles Fryatt
Fryatt, Charles (1872-1916), British Seaman, Was Born At Parkeston, Essex, On Dec. 2, 1872. He Entered The Service Of The Great Eastern Railway Co., And In 1904 Became Chief Officer In Their Service Of Vessels Plying Between Harwich And Rotterdam. In 1913 He Was Promoted Captain. At The End Of ...
Charles James Fox
Fox, Charles James (1749-1806), British Statesman And Orator, Was Born At 9 Conduit Street, Westminster, On Jan. Third Son Of Henry Fox, Ist Lord Holland, And His Wife, Lady Caroline Lennox, Eldest Daughter Of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke Of Richmond. The Father, Who Treated His Children With Extreme Indulgence, Allowed ...
Charles Louis De Saulces
Freycinet, Charles Louis De Saulces De (1828-1923), French Statesman, Was Born At Foix On Nov. 14, 1828. He Was Educated At The 1?cole Polytechnique, And Entered The Government Service As A Mining Engineer. In 1858 He Was Appointed Traffic Manager To The Compagnie De Chemins De Fer Du Midi, And ...
Charles Stuart Gager
Gager, Charles Stuart (1872— ), American Botanist, Was Born On Dec. 23, 1872, At Norwich, N.y., And Educated At Syracuse (a.b., 1895) And Cornell (ph.d., 1902) Universities. He Was Professor Of Biological Sciences And Physi Ography At New York State Normal College, 1897-1905; Director Of Laboratories, New York Botanical Garden, ...
Charles Wellington Furse
Furse, Charles Wellington Eng Lish Painter, Born At Staines, Son Of The Rev. C. W. Furse, Arch Deacon Of Westminster, Was Descended Collaterally From Sir Joshua Reynolds. He Entered The Slade School In 1884, Winning The Slade Scholarship In The Following Year, And Completed His Edu Cation At Julian's Atelier ...
Christian Martin Frahn
Frahn, Christian Martin German Numismatist, Was Born At Rostock On July 4, 1782, And Settled In Russia As Professor Of Oriental Languages At Kazan. He Then Became Director Of The Asiatic Museum In St. Petersburg, Where He Died On Aug. 28, 1851. Frahn Was A Standard Authority On Asiatic Coins. ...
Claud Lovat Fraser
Fraser, Claud Lovat (189o-1921), British Artist And Designer, Was Born In London On May 15, 1890, And Was Educated At Charterhouse. He Began To Follow His Father's Pro Fession As A Solicitor In 1908, But Abandoned This Three Years Later For Art. After Working With Walter Sickert For A Time, ...
Coal
Coal Of All Known Fuels, Coal (q. V.) Is By Far The Most Important. In Spite Of Developments In The Use Of Oil And Water Power It Still Provides Three-quarters Of The World's Total Energy Supplies. Further, The Reserves Of Coal, Which According To Recent Estimates May Be Expected To ...
College Fraternities
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Contemporary Literature
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Copper Zinc
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Cornelius Gallus
Gallus, Cornelius (c. 70-26 B.c.), Roman Poet, Orator And Politician, Was Born Of Humble Parents At Forum Iulii (frejus). At An Early Age He Removed To Rome, Where He Was Taught By The Same Master As Virgil And Varius Rufus. Virgil, Who Dedicated One Of His Eclogues (x.) To Him, ...
Count
Count (1750-1828), French Statesman And Poet, Was Born At Saffais, Lorraine, On April 17, 175o, The Son Of A School-teacher. He Studied At The Jesuit College Of Neuf Chateau In The Vosges, And At 14 Published Verses Which Were Praised By Rousseau And Voltaire. Neuf Chateau Conferred On Him Its ...
Dame Katharine Furse
Furse, Dame Katharine ), D.b.e. (1917), Founder Of The English V.a.d. Force, Was Born At Bristol On Nov. 23, 1875, The Daughter Of The Poet And Critic John Ad Dington Symonds (q.v.). In 19oo She Married The Painter Charles Wellington Furse (q.v.), Who Died Prematurely In 1904. On The Outbreak ...
Daniel Chester French
French, Daniel Chester (185o1931), American Sculptor, Was Born At Exeter (n.h.), On April 20, 1850, The Son Of Henry Flagg French, A Lawyer, Who For A Time Was Assistant Secretary Of The U.s. Treasury. After A Year At The Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, French Spent A Month In The Studio ...
Decimal Fractions
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Demetrius Augustine I Gallitzin
Gallitzin, Demetrius Augustine (i 7 7o 1840), American Roman Catholic Priest, Called "the Apostle Of The Alleghanies," Was Born At The Hague On Dec. 22, 17 70. His Father, Dimitri Alexeievich Gallitzin, Russian Ambassador To Hol Land, Was An Intimate Friend Of Voltaire And A Follower Of Diderot ; So, ...
Denis Antoine Luc Frayssinous
Frayssinous, Denis Antoine Luc, Comte De French Prelate And Statesman, Was Born Of Humble Parentage At Curieres On May 9, 1765. He Owes His Reputation Mainly To The Lectures On Dogmatic Theology Delivered In The Church Of Saint Sulpice, Paris, From 1803 To 1809. As Court Preacher And Almoner To ...
Dry Rot Mushroom Puff Ball
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Edmond Fremy
Fremy, Edmond (1814-1894), French Chemist, Was Born At Versailles On Feb. 28, 1814. He Entered Gay-lussac's Laboratory In 1831, And Became Preparateur At The T Cole Poly Technique In 1834 And At The College De France In 1837; He Was Repetiteur At The Tcole Polytechnique, Where In 1846 He Became ...
Edward Augustus Freeman
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Edward Curtis Franklin
Franklin, Edward Curtis Ameri Can Chemist, Was Born On Mar. 1, 1862, At Geary City, Kansas. He Was Educated At The University Of Kansas (b.s., 1888; M.s., 1890) And Johns Hopkins University (ph.d., 1894). He Was As Sistant In Chemistry At The University Of Kansas, 1889-94, Asso Ciate Professor, And ...
Edward Foss
Foss, Edward English Lawyer And Biographer, Was Born In London On Oct. 16, 1787. He Was A Solicitor By Profession, And Spent The Last Thirty Years Of His Life In The Study Of Legal Antiquities. His Judges Of England (9 Vols , 1848-1864) Is A Standard Work. He Was One ...
Edward Fox
Fox, Edward (c. 1496-1538), Bishop Of Hereford, Was Born At Dursley, Gloucestershire; He Is Said On Very Doubtful Authority To Have Been Related To Richard Fox (q.v.). From Eton He Proceeded To King's College, Cambridge, And After Grad Uating Was Made Secretary To Wolsey. In 1528 He Was Sent With ...
Edwin Brant Frost
Frost, Edwin Brant (1866-1935), American Astron Omer, Was Born In Brattleboro, Vt., On July 14, 1866, And Gradu Ated At Dartmouth College In I886. From 1887 To 1890 He Served At Dartmouth As Instructor In Physics And Astronomy And Re Ceived His M.a. Degree In 1889. The Following Year He ...
Electrical Fume Precipitation
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Elias Magnus Fries
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Elias Of Cortona
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Elie Catherine Freron
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Elizabeth Fry
Fry, Elizabeth (1 780-1845), English Philanthropist, And, After Howard, The Chief Promoter Of Prison Reform In Europe, Was Born In Norwich On May 21, 1780. Her Father, John Gurney, Afterwards Of Earlham Hall, A Wealthy Merchant And Banker, Represented An Old Family Which For Some Generations Had Belonged To The ...
Emile Gaboriau
Gaboriau, Emile (1835-1873), French Novelist, Was Born At Saujon (charente Inferieure). He Became Secretary To Paul Feval, And, After Publishing Some Novels And Miscellaneous Writings, Found His Real Gift In L'a Ff Wire Lerouge (1866), A Detec Tive Novel Which Was Published In The Pays And At Once Made His ...
Emile Othon Friesz
Friesz, Emile Othon (1879— ) French Painter, Born At Le Havre. He Was A Pupil At The Ecole Des Beaux-arts And Of L. Bonnat, But Came Under The Influence Of Cezanne And Matisse. He Is One Of The Leaders Of The French Post-impression Ism. His Paintings Of Landscapes, With Views ...
Emmanuel Fremiet
Fremiet, Emmanuel (1824-1910), French Sculptor, Born In Paris, Was A Nephew And Pupil Of Rude ; He Chiefly Devoted Himself To Animal Sculpture And To Equestrian Statues In Armour. His Earliest Wdrk Was In Scientific Lithography (osteology), And For A While He Served In The Gruesome Office Of "painter To ...
Emmy Freundlich
Freundlich, Emmy (1878— ), Austrian Politician, Was Born At Aussig, Czechoslovakia In 1878. She Married In 1889, And With Her Husband Began To Work Among The Textile Workers Of Moravia. There, From 1900-1911, She Was The Leader Of The Socialist Women's Organization, And One Of The Managing Board Of The ...
Ernest Galvanauskas
Galvanauskas, Ernest ), Lithuanian Statesman, Was Born On Nov. 7, 1882 At Vabalninkai. He Studied As A Mining Engineer At Leningrad (st. Petersburg) And Liege, And His Activities In The Lithuanian National Movement Date From His Student Days. In 1906 He Was Imprisoned For His Attempts To Free The Country ...
Eugene Fromentin
Fromentin, Eugene French Painter,was Born At La Rochelle On Oct. 24, 1820. He Studied Under Louis Cabat, The Landscape Painter. Fromentin Was One Of The Earliest Pictorial Interpreters Of Algeria, Having Been Able Repeatedly To Visit The Land And People That Suggested The Subjects Of Most Of His Works. Among ...
Evariste Galois
Galois, Evariste (1811-1832) , French Mathematician, Was Born On Oct. 25, 181i, And Killed In A Duel On May 31, 1832. His Principal Work Was On The Resolubility Of Algebraic Equations By Radicals. To Him Is Also Due The Notion Of A Group Of Substi Tutions (see Algebra; Equations, Theory ...
Exterminating Pests
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Fabius Dlanciades Fulgentius
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Ferdinand Andre Fouque
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Ferdinand Freiligrath
Freiligrath, Ferdinand German Poet, Was Born At Detmold On June 17, 181o. He Was Educated For A Commercial Career. The Years From 1831 To 1836 He Spent In A Bank At Amsterdam, And 1837 To 1839 In A Business House At Barmen. In 1838 His Gedichte Appeared, And He Abandonel ...
Ferdinando Galiani
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Field Fortification
Field Fortification Field Fortifications, Now More Often Spoken Of As Field De Fences, Are Those Which Are Constructed At Short Notice, With The Means Locally Available, Usually When The Enemy Is Near At Hand. Subject To The Question Of Time, A Very High Degree Of Strength Can Be Given To ...
First Battles In Lorraine
First Battles In Lorraine The First French Plan (general Instruction No. 1 Of Aug. 8, 1914) Was Purely Offensive. It Proposed To Seek Action With All Forces United With The Right On The Rhine. The Two Armies Of Lorraine (i. And Ii.) Were To Lead, The I. (gen. Dubail) In ...
Fort Knox
Fort Knox, An Army Reservation In Kentucky. Here The U. S. Government (aug., 1936), Completed A Guarded Treasury For The U.s. Metallic Reserve Of About $io,000.000,000. This "strong Box," 600 Miles Inland From The Atlantic Seaboard, Is A Solid Square Bomb Proof And Burglar Proof Building With Flanking Gun Turrets ...
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Lauderdale, A City Of South-eastern Florida, U.s.a., On The Atlantic Ocean, 26m. Above Miami; The County Seat Of Broward County. It Is On The Atlantic Coast And The Dixie Highways And Is Served By The Florida. East. Coast And The Seaboard Air Line Railways. The Population Was 13,187 In ...
Fort Lee
Fort Lee, A Borough Of Bergen County, New Jersey, U.s.a., On The Hudson River, Opposite The Northern Part Of New York City. It Is Served By Electric Trolleys And Motor-coach Lines And By Ferry To New York, And Is The New Jersey Approach To The Suspension Bridge Across The Hudson ...
Fort Madison
Fort Madison, A City In The South-eastern Corner Of Iowa, U.s.a., On The Mississippi River; The County Seat Of Lee County. It Is On Federal Highway 61, And Is Served By The Burling Ton And The Santa Fe Railways. The Population Was 11,229 In 1925 (state Census) And Was 13,779 ...
Fort Myers
Fort Myers, A City Of South-western Florida, U.s.a., On The Caloosahatchee River, 18m. From The Gulf Of Mexico; The County Seat Of Lee County. It Is Served By The Atlantic Coast Line And The Seaboard Air Line Railways, By Motor Bus Lines With Extensive Connections And By Steamers To Gulf ...
Fort Scott
Fort Scott, A City Of South-eastern Kansas, U.s.a., On The Marmaton River, 5m. From The Missouri State Line ; The County Seat Of Bourbon County. It Is On Federal Highway 54 And 73 E, And Is An Important Railroad Centre, Served By The Frisco. The Missouri-kansas-texas And The Missouri Pacific ...
Fort Smith
Fort Smith, A City On The Western Border Of Arkansas, U.s.a., In The Foothills Of The Ozarks, On The South Bank Of The Arkansas River, At The Mouth Of The Poteau; The County Seat Of Sebastian County. It Is At The Intersection Of Federal Highways 64 And 71, And Is ...
Fort Wayne
Fort Wayne, A City Of North-eastern Indiana, U.s.a., At The Confluence Of The St. Joseph And The St. Mary Rivers To Form The Maumee ; The County Seat Of Allen County. It Is On Federal Highways 24, 27 And 3o (the Lincoln) ; Has A Municipal Airport; And Is Served ...