FRIEDJUNG, HEINRICH Austrian his torian, was born at Rostin, Moravia, of Jewish parents. Fried jung spent much of his career in political journalism ; he was a pronounced German nationalist, and the chief author of the nationalist Unser Programme of 1885. At the same time he de voted himself to historical research, especially over the period 1848-66, which he covered brilliantly and exhaustively in the three works Oesterreich von 1849-6o (1908-12) ; Der Krim krieg and die oesterreichische Politik (19o7) ; and Der Kamp f um die V orherrscha f t in Deutschland (1 oth ed., 1917) . His other chief works are the volume Historische Au f satze (1919) and the monumental review of modern times Das Zeitalter des Imperial ismus (1919-22), which was finished by Prof. A. F. Pribram after Fried j ung's death.
Friedjung was a conscientious and an attractive historian, whose works cover all aspects of life during the period with which they deal. The point of view expressed in them is, however, pro nouncedly liberal, patriotic and anti-Catholic, and shows little sympathy for the Slav and Magyar nationalist movements in the Dual Monarchy. His last excursion into politics was most un lucky, and undeservedly clouded his name ; on March 24, 1909, when the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia over the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina was at its height, he published an article in the Neue Freie Presse, accusing the Serbo-Croat politicians in the Monarchy of treasonable practices with the Government of Serbia, and violently attacking conditions in Serbia. Fifty-two deputies of the Croato-Serb coalition and their leader Supilo separately, sued Friedjung for libel. It was dis closed that Friedjung had received the documents on which his article was based from the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office, that he had accepted them in good faith but after most insufficient scrutiny and that some at least were blatant forgeries. The affair ended at last in a compromise, but not until it had assumed the proportions of a European cause celebre. Friedjung died in Vienna July 14, 192o.
See Dr. R. W. Seton-Watson, The Southern Slav Question and the Habsburg Monarchy (1911) .