HEINRICH, Freiherr von Gagern (1799-188o), the third son, fought at Waterloo in the Nassau contingent. After the war, he studied law at Heidelberg, Gottingen, Jena and Geneva. As a student he had been a member of the Burschensc/ia f t, and he now threw himself into open opposition to the unconstitutional spirit of the Hessian government, and was dismissed from the state ser vice in 1833. Henceforth he lived in retirement at Monsheim until the February revolution of 1848 and its echoes in Germany recalled him to active political life. At the Heidelberg meeting and the preliminary convention (Vorparlament) of Frankfort he deeply impressed the assemblies; and when the German national parliament met (May 18), he was elected its first president. He was mainly instrumental in imposing the principle of a united empire with a common parliament, and in carrying the election of the Archduke John as regent. On Dec. 15, when Schmerling and the Austrian members had left the cabinet, Gagern became head of the imperial ministry, and on the 18th he introduced a pro gramme (known as the Gagernsche Programm) according to which Austria was to be excluded from the new federal state, but bound to it by a treaty of union. After a severe struggle this proposal was accepted ; but on May 20 Gagern and his friends resigned. He died at Darmstadt on May 22, 1880.