FRANZOS, KARL EMIL (1848-1904), German novelist, was born of Jewish parentage on Oct. 25, 1848, in Russian Po dolia, and spent his early years at Czortkow in Galicia. He studied law at Vienna and Graz, and, becoming a journalist, travelled extensively in the Near East, visiting Asia Minor and Egypt. In 1877 he returned to Vienna, where from 1884 to 1886 he edited the Neue illustrierte Zeitung. In 1887 he removed to Berlin and founded the fortnightly review Deutsche Dichtung. Franzos died on Jan. 28, 1904. His earliest collections of stories and sketches, Aus Halb-Asien, Land and Leute des ostlichen Europas (1876) and Die Juden von Barnow (1877) depict graphically the life and manners of the races of south-eastern Europe Among other of his works may be mentioned the short stories, Junge Liebe (1878), Stifle Geschichten (188o), and the novels Moschko von Parma (188o), Ein Isampf urns Reclit (1882), Der Prdsident (1884), Judith Trachtenberg (1890), Der JV ahrheitsucher (1894). FRASCATI, a town and episcopal see of Italy, province of Rome, 15 m. S.E. of Rome by rail, and also reached by electric tramway via Grottaferrata. Pop. (1931) 11,420. The town is situated 1,056 ft. above the sea-level, on the northern slopes of the outer crater ring of the Alban Hills, and commands a very fine view of the Campagna and of Rome. The cathedral con tains a memorial tablet to Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, whose body for some while rested here; his brother, Henry, Cardinal York, was long bishop of Frascati. The villas of the Roman nobility, with their beautiful gardens and fountains, are the chief attractions of Frascati. The earliest in date is the Villa Falconieri, planned by Cardinal Rufini before 155o; the most important of the rest are the Villa Torlonia (formerly Conti), Lancelotti (formerly Piccolomini), Rufinella (now belonging to Prince Lancelloti), Aldobrandini, Borghese and Mondragone (now a Jesuit school). Frascati seems to have arisen on the site of a very large villa (probably that of Passienus Crispus, the second husband of Agrippina the younger, who compassed his death for the sake of his property, which thus passed into the possession of her son Nero and remained imperial) about the 9th century. The mediaeval stronghold of the counts of Tus culum (q.v.), which occupied the site of the ancient city, was dismantled by the Romans in 1191, and the inhabitants put to the sword or mutilated. Many of the fugitives naturally took refuge in Frascati. For the greater part of the middle ages Frascati belonged to the papacy.
See T. Ashby in Papers of the British School at Rome, v. (1910), 301 sqq.; F. Tomassetti, Campagna Romana, iv. (1926), 346 sqq.
(T. A.)