FRANK, LEONHARD (1882— ), German writer, was born in Wurzburg on Sept. 4, 1882, the son of a carpenter. His early works Die Rxuberbande (1914) and Die Ursache (1915) caused a considerable sensation. The latter which was written in an expressionistic style and revealed the influence of psycho analytical doctrines, consisted of a bitter attack on tyrannical schoolmasters. In 1917 Frank published Der Mensch ist gut, a violently pacifist book most imperfect in form, but of such strong feeling that its revolutionary effect was great. His later works include Der Burger (1924) and Das Ochsen f urter Mannerquar tett (1927), pictures of post-war conditions in Germany. Frank's work is vivid and interesting, but his success was largely due to circumstance. He was elected a member of the German Academy of Letters in 1928.
in the English law of real property, a species of spiritual tenure, whereby a religious corporation, ag gregate or sole, holds lands of the donor to them and their succes sors for ever. It was a tenure dating from Saxon times, held not on the ordinary feudal conditions, but discharged of all services except the trinoda necessitas. But "they which hold in f rank almoign are bound of right before God to make orisons, prayers, masses and other divine services for the souls of their grantor or f eoff or, and for the souls of their heirs which are dead, and for the prosperity and good life and good health of their heirs which are alive. And therefore they shall do no fealty to their lord, because that this divine service is better for them before God than any do ing of fealty" (Litt. s. 135). It was the tenure by which the great er number of the monasteries and religious houses held their lands; it was expressly exempted from the statute 12 Car. II. c. 24 (166o), by which the other ancient tenures were abolished, and it is the tenure by which the parochial clergy and many ecclesiastical and eleemosynary foundations hold their lands at the present day. As a form of donation, however, it came to an end by the passing of the statute Quia Emptores, for by that statute no new tenure of frank-almoign could be created, except by the Crown.
See Pollock and Maitland, Hist. of Eng. Law, vol. i.