FREEDEN, WILHELM IHNO ADOLPH VON (1822 1894), German scientist, was born at Norden, Hanover, on May 12, 182 2. He studied at Bonn and Gottingen and later held the posts of teacher of mathematics, physics and modern languages at the "Gymnasium" at Jever (1845-56) and headmaster of the Navigation school at Elsfleth near Bremen (1856-67). In 1867 he resigned his post at Elsfleth and went to Hamburg, where he established and became the first director of the Norddeutsche Seewarte (later Deutsche Seewarte). He afterwards took an active part in founding the North German Lloyd company. He also organized the first system of storm warnings for the German coast. Between 1871 and 1876 he served in the Reichstag as a member for Hamburg. He died at Bonn on Jan. II, 1894.
He wrote Nautische Hill f sta f eln (with T. Koster, 186 2) ; Handbuch der Nautik (1864) ; Barometerbuch zur Gebrauche der Seeleute (1885) ; and a memoir on the use of the method of least squares.