GARRULUS.
Crow-like; crested, with a chequered blue and black patch on wings ; food, insects, fruit, eggs, small mammals and birds; nest, cup in tree or bush ; eggs greenish white with brown spots and a few black hair lines.
Garrulus glandarius glandarius (L.) JAY. Fr. Gcai ; Ger. Eichelhaher ; ltul. Ghiandaja ; Suva'. Notskrika.
d 9 Above vinous brown tinged grey, especially on back ; crown streaked, feathers black with broad white margins ; rump and upper tail coverts white ; tail black with faint blue bars ; secondaries black, base of outer three white, innermost chestnut with black tips ; wing coverts barred black and blue ; ear coverts, sides of neck, and hind neck vinous ; beneath dull vinous, chin and throat white. Iris bluish white. Bill black. Legs and feet flesh colour. Wing 172-19o. Tarsus 40-43. Bill 21-z5.
Breeds.—Continental Europe from about 65° in Norway east to Urals, south to Pyrenees and N. Spain, Sicily, Italy, Greece, S.W. Russia to Volga and Ural Valleys. Largely resident. Occasional in winter in Britain ; accidental Malta.
G. glandarius rufitergum Hartert. Above and below redder than typical form, being only faintly grey on back and breast. Resident.—England and Scotland.
G. glandarius hibernicus Witherby and Hartert. Much darker and redder than "rufitergum," especially on underparts ; crown distinctly vinous, and black streaks more intense.
Resident.—Ireland.
G. glandarius fasciatus Brclun. Bill stronger than in typical form, upper mandible much curved ; stripes on crown broader and no white on forepart ; breast tinged with grey.
Resident —S. Spain.
G. glandarius ichnusoe Kleinschmidt. Rather smaller than typical form, most noticeable in bill ; white of forehead less con spicuous owing to broader stripes ; nape and hind neck dull vinous ; back greyer, less vinous.
Res/do/4—S ard in i a.
G. glandarius corsicanus Laubmann. Vinous tinge on back
intense, lacking grey tinge ; larger than and bill. stronger, but has the same broad stripes on crown, Resident.—Corsica.
G. glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagen. Very near "ichnusce" but has slightly redder hind neck and greyer back. Similar in size.
Rest dent. —Crete ; Ilex forests at 400o feet upwards.
G. glandarius minor Verreaux. Smaller. Wing S 162-170, average 165. Very little white on forecrown, duller vinous on neck and face, greyer and less vinous both above and below.
Rcsi dent .—South Atlas ranges of Algeria and Morocco.
G. glandarius krynicki Kalenicz. Slightly larger than typical form ; crown entirely black, forehead white with black tips and reddish tinge; face and ear coverts pale vinous. Greyish vinous back distinguishes it from "atricapillus" (Syria and Palestine).
Resident.—Caucasus, Crimea, Thrace and Asia Minor.
G. glandarius whitakeri Hartert. Resembles "cervicalis," but nape, hind neck, and sides of neck vinous brown in sharp contrast to a greyer back with hardly any vinous tinge. Inter mediate with "minor." Resident.—N. Morocco, N.W. Algeria (Oran).
G. glandarius cervicalis Bonaparte. Nearest "atricapillus" from Syria, but back grey, more so than in typical form ; nape, hind neck, and sides of neck bright rusty red ; entire crown black, feathers on forehead white at bases only ; face, ear coverts, and throat pure white.
Resident.—N. Tunisia, N.E. Algeria south to Aures Mountains.
G. glandarius brandti Eversmann. Crown foxy red with black streaks, without any white ; hind neck and nape rich rufous ; below more reddish brown than typical form ; similar in size.
A N. Asiatic form, which occurs in winter in Orenburg district of Russia along with typical form.