GOLYMBUS.
Characters as above.
summer. Above black spotted with white, on scapulars barred ; head, throat and hind neck purplish black, foreneck green ; a collar of white and black streaks and a row of same on throat ; underparts white, flanks black with white spots. Bill, ridge of upper mandible slightly curved downwards, keel of lower mandible slightly upcurved, black, whitish at tip. Outer side of legs and outer toe black, inner side of legs and inner toes pale grey blue, webs dark brown, paler in middle. Iris dark red. In winter : brown above with grey margins, beneath white. Young like adults in winter. Wing 330-39o. Tarsus 80-97. Bill 75-90. Tail 18 or 20 feathers.
Breeds.—Iceland, Jan Mayen, Greenland north to 7o° and across N. America. Seen in most seasons but not breeding in Norway, Kanin Peninsula and Faroes. In winter, ranges south to British Isles and Coasts of W. Europe, Azores, Madeira ; very rare in Baltic and Black Seas ; occasional in Mediterranean ; in America ranges south to Lower California and Florida.
Colymbus adamsi Gray. WHITE-BILLED NORTIIERN DIVER.
d Resemble "C. immer" but ridge of upper mandible straight and keel of lower mandible much curved upwards ; bill larger and straighter, whitish yellow ; white spots and bars on back are larger ; tail 18 feathers. Wing 370-400. Bill 8o-95 (H.).
Breeds.—Nova Zembla, Arctic Siberia and western N. America. Occurs in winter on Coasts N. Russia and N. and W. Norway ; rare visitor to British Isles, Finland and Sweden ; has occurred on Caspian Sea and in Italy. On American Pacific Coast ranges south to S. Alaska and also occurs in Japan.
Colymbus arcticus arcticus L. BLACK-THROATED DIVER. Fr. Plongeon a gorge noire ; Ger. Polartaucher ; Ital. Strolaga mezzana ; Swed. Stor-lom.
? summer. Above black or deep brown, barred with white, wings spotted ; head, throat and hind neck grey ; beneath white, foreneck purplish black, sides of neck and breast streaked black and white. In winter much as in " immer " but smaller.
Iris light chestnut. Bill bluish black. Outer side of legs and outer toe blackish, inner side of legs and inner toes reddish flesh, webs whitish. Wing 330-342, ? 305-320 (Zedlitz). Tarsus 73-83. Bill 55-67.
Breeds.—Norway to Finmark, Sweden, Lapland, N. Finland, Nova Zembla, Waigatz, Kolguev, Russia south to Moscow and Smolensk, Baltic Provinces, N.E. Germany (rare), N. Scotland. In winter occurs on Coasts S. and W. Norway, Denmark, Britain, Holland, France, and rarely Spain and Portugal ; occasional in Mediterranean, Italy, Rumania and Greece, and on lakes of S. Russia and in Black Sea.
C. areticus suschkini (Sarudny). Head and hind neck lighter than in "arcticus "; bill weaker and shorter. Wing 291-337 (H.).
Breeds.—Govts. of Perm and Ufa in E. Russia, and in Siberia. Occurs on Caspian Sea in winter.
Colymbus stellatus Pontoppidan. RED - THROATED DIVER. Fr. Plongeon catmarin ; Ger. Nord-Seetaucher ; Ital. Strolaga minore ; Szeled. Smalom.
? summer. Above brown with small white spots, head and sides of throat grey ; hind neck and sides of breast brown with white streaks ; throat patch chestnut ; underparts white. In winter entire throat and foreneck white, and head and hind neck are freckled with white. Bill horn black. Legs and feet on outer side greenish black, inner toes and inner side of legs yellowish white, webs pale flesh. Iris chestnut brown. Wing 280-305. Tarsus 68-75. Bill 47-53.
.Thredv.—N. Europe from Norway to Russia ; in Russia south to Perm ; Nova Zembla, Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen, Bear Island, Iceland, Faroes, N. and W. Scotland, Ireland (local) ; and across N. Asia and N. America. In winter many move south and occur over Europe to Caspian and Black Seas and Mediterranean ; occasional in Algeria, rare in Egypt ; in Asia south to China and in America to California, Maine, and Florida.