HALIAETUS.
Ileak very long, strong, flares oval ; upper mandible at first straight then strongly curved near tip ; lower part of tarsus bare ; claws very powerful and much curved ; food, fish, waterfowl, mammals, carrion, etc.; nest in rocks or trees ; 2 eggs, white, occasionally marked pale brown.
Haliaetus albicilla (L.). WHITE-TA I LED EAGLE. Fr. Pygargue h queue blanche ; Ger. Seemlier ; IM/. Aquila di mare ; Swed. Ifafsiirn.
d Q - Brown ; head, throat, and chest paler, more buff; tail white, rounded, 12 feathers ; ?, of tarsus bare. Bill, cere, and iris yellow. Legs and feet yellow. Wing 8' 9 650-71o. Tarsus 9o-100. Bill from cere 48-55 (H.). Young : mottled blackish brown and fulvous grey, crown and nape black, tail black freckled grey on inner webs ; iris brown.
Breeds.—Europe to Arctic regions, Kolguev, Nova Zembla, Iceland ; south to Pyrenees, Corsica, Sardinia, Balearic Islands, Hungary, Balkan Peninsula, S. Russia and Caucasus ; also
N. Asia and Asia Minor. Migratory in north ; occurs in winter in S. Europe and N. Africa ; occasionally wanders to British Isles, where it formerly bred. Rare visitor Spain.
lialiaetus leucoryphus (Pallas).
8 9 Above deep umber ; crown, nape, and hind neck ochreous ; tail 12 feathers, brown with a broad white central bar ; beneath rufous brown, throat and sides of head yellowish white, ear coverts dark brown. Bill horn black. are greyish blue. Legs and feet dull yellow. Iris brown to greyish yellow. Wing 565-615 ( 9 larger than d ). Bill from cere 44-47 (IL). Young : paler ; crown, nape, and hind neck more rufous ; tail black, without the white bar.
Breeds.—S. Russia, Crimea to Lower Volga and Ural Mountains ; and through Central Asia ; probably also in Asia Minor (Taurus) and Syria. Apparently resident.