PICOIDES.
Only 3 toe.s. Colour black and white ; yellow on crown in male.
Picoides tridactylus tridactylus (L.). THREE-TOED \VOODPECKER. Ger. Dreizehenspecht ; Ssved. Hack spetten.
d Above black, feathers of crown with white tips, centre of crown yellow ; line down back from nape to rump pure white ; upper tail coverts black with a few white spots ; sides of head and nape black ; a white line behind and beneath the eye ; underparts white streaked on sides of breast and barred on flanks and under tail coverts with black. Bill above blue with black tip, below pale horn. and feet dark Iris whitish (brown in 6 y (H.). Tarsus Bill 20-24. y lacks yellow on crown.
Breeds.—Scandinavia, Finland, Baltic Provinces, N. Russia, chiefly north of ; and across S. Siberia. resident. In district, l'oland and Germany occasional in winter.
P. tridactylus crissoleucus (Reichenbach). Whiter ; white line on back broader and spots on upper tail coverts Breeds.—From Urals across W. Siberia. Occurs Russia to Moscow in winter.
P. tridactylus alpinus Brehm. Bill more slender ; back white barred with black ; entire abdomen and sides of breast with heavier black streaks and bars.
Residenl.—Alpine districts Savoy, Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria, Italy and Carpathians to Rumania, Bosnia and •