HUALALAI.
This volcano is 8,269 feet in altitude, northwest from Mauna Loa and between the flow of 1859 and the sea. Menzies ascended it in 1793 and figures a large crater at the summit with steep walls inside, with the name Worroway. Prof. W. T. Brigham repre sents a cluster of cinder cones crowning the apex as seen from Mokuaweoweo. Dutton says there are many cinder cones upon it, hundreds in all, increasing in number and size towards the summit. Interspersed among the cones are chimneys with sharp edges at the mouths of hollow pipes which slope gradually to their bases. As he speaks of the caldera, it is evident that he saw recent lava at the summit and the adjacent volcanic depres sions.
Prof. Pickering adds further descriptions and illustrations, some of which are shown later. Upon the summit he saw crater bowls, pits, cinder cones and spiracles with strong resemblances to lunar phenomena. There is a bowl eight hundred feet in dia meter and two hundred deep with a sandy bottom. Near by is
a row of spiracles, the highest reaching one thousand feet above its base. In their midst is the "bottomless pit," exceeding 1,400 feet by direct measurement.
The last known eruption started from the altitude of 1,800 feet and flowed to the sea in 18oi, spreading out very much laterally.
The distance between the extreme points on the shore exceeds the length of the flow. Three other very distinct earlier but pre historic flows are delineated on the north side of Hualalai, start ing from points 3,70o to 6,000 feet above the sea level. The 'So' flow was visited by Kamehameha I, who cut off a lock of his hair and threw it into the stream, with the result that the lava ceased to discharge further.
There are no ravines made by erosion upon the flanks of the mountain except in the foot hills, like Puu Waawaa to the north; these last for that reason being of greater age.