Joggle : A joint piece or dowel pin let into adjacent faces of two stones to hold them in position. It may vary in form and ap proach in its shape either the dowel or clamp.
Jamb: The sides of an opening left in a wall.
Lintel : The stone, wood, or iron beam used to cover a narrow opening in a wall.
Stone : A stone of such size as to be readily lifted by one man.
Parapet Wall is a low wall running along the edge of a terrace or roof to prevent people from falling over.
Pointing a piece of masonry consists in scraping out the mortar in which the stones were laid from the face of the joints for a depth of from I- to 2 inches, and filling the groove so made with clear Port land-cement mortar, or with mortar made of 1 part of cement and 1 part of sand.
The object of pointing is that the exposed edges of the joints are always deficient in density and hardness, and the mortar near the surface of the joint is specially subject to dislodgment, since the con traction and expansion of the masonry are liable either to separate the stone from the mortar or to crack the mortar in the joint, thus permitting the entrance of rainwater, which freezing forces the mortar from the joints.
The pointing mortar, when ready for use, should be rather inco herent and quite deficient in plasticity.
Before applying the pointing, the joint must be well cleansed by scraping and brushing out the loose matter, then thoroughly saturated with water, and maintained in such a condition of dampness that the stones will neither absorb water from the mortar nor impart any to it. Walls should not be allowed to dry too rapidly after pointing.
Pointing should not be prosecuted either during freezing or excessively hot weather.
The pointing mortar is applied with a mason's trowel, and the joint well calked with a calking iron and hammer. In the very best work the surface of the mortar is rubbed smooth with a steel polishing tool. The form given to the finish joint is the same as described under joints.
Pointing with colored mortar is frequently employed to improve the appearance of the work. Various colors are used, as white, black, red, brown, etc., different colored pigments being added to the mortar to produce the required color.
Tuck Pointing, used chiefly for brickwork, consists of a project ing ridge with the edges neatly pared to an uniform breadth of about t--inch. White mortar is usually employed for this class of pointing.
Many authorities consider that pointing is not advisable for new work, as the joints so formed are not as enduring as those which are finished at the time the masonry is built. Pointing is, moreover, often resorted to when it is intended to give the work a superior appearance, and also to conceal defects in inferior work.
Pallets, Plugs : Wooden bricks inserted in walls for fastening trim, etc.
Plinth : A projecting base to a wall; also called "water table." Masonry : That in which the face of the stone is roughly dressed with the pitching chisel so as to give edges that are approximately true.
or Masonry : That in which the face of the stone is left untouched as it comes from the quarry. Quoin : A cornerstone. A quoin is a header for one face and a stretcher for the other.
Rip-Rap. Rip-rap is composed of rough undressed stone as it comes from the quarry, laid dry about the base of piers, abutments, slopes of embankments, etc., to prevent scour and wash. When used for the protection of piers the stones are dumped in promis cuously, their size depending upon the material and the velocity of the current. Stones of 15 to 25 cubic feet are frequently employed. When used for the protection of hanks the stones are laid by hand to a uniform thickness.
Rise : That dimension of a stone which is perpendicular to its quarry bed (see Build).
Retaining Wall or Revetment : A wall built to retain earth deposited behind it (see Breast Wall).
Reveal : The exposed portion of the sides of openings in walls in front of the recesses for doors, window frames, etc.
Masonry : A slope wall is a thin layer of masonry used to protect the slopes of embankments, excavations, canals, river banks, etc., from rain, waves, weather, etc.
Slips: See Wood Bricks.
Span : A piece of stone chipped off by the stroke of a Sill : The stone, iron, or wood on which the window or door of a building rests. In setting stone sills the mason beds the ends only; the middle is pointed up after the building is enclosed. They should be set perfectly level lengthwise, and have an inclination cross wise, so the water may flow from the frame.
Stone Paving consists of roughly squared or unsquared blocks of stone used for paving the waterway of culverts, etc.; it is laid both dry and in mortar.
Starling: See Cutwater.
Stretcher A Stone or brick whose greatest dimension lies parallel to the face of the wall.
String Course: A horizontal course of brick or stone masonry projecting a little beyond the face of the wall. Usually introduced for ornament.
Stone : Stone of such size as to be conveniently lifted by two men.
Toothing: Unfinished brickwork so arranged that every alter nate brick projects half its length.
Water-Table: See Plinth.
Wood Bricks, Pallets, Plugs, or Slips are pieces of wood laid in a wall in order the better to secure any woodwork that it may be necessary to fasten to it. Great injury is often done to walls by driving wood plugs into the joints, as they are apt to shake the work. Hollow porous terra-cotta bricks are frequently used instead of wood bricks, etc.