Pycnostyle (pic'no-stil). A term denoting a colonnade in which the columns stand very close to each other, usually only diameters being allowed to each intercolumniation. (See Fig. 19.) Pylon (pil'on). A monumental structure forming part of an entrance to an Egyptian temple or other important building, and consisting of a central gateway flanked on each side by a truncated, pyramidal tower with walls covered with sculptures, the pyramidal tower itself being sometimes called a pylon.
Pyramidal (pi-ram'i-dal). Pertaining to, or having the form of, a pyramid.
Quirinal (quir'i-nal). One of the seven hills of Rome, on which is built the former summer Palace of the Popes. Here is the present. seat of the Italian Government, the pontifical residence now being the Palace of the Vatican.
Radial (r8'di-al). Shooting out or radiating from a center.
Radius (ra'di-us). A line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to its circumference; the semi-diameter of a circle or sphere.
Rafter (rafter). One of the sloping beams of a roof, running from ridge to eaves, to which is secured the framework or purlins upon which the outer covering is nailed.
Reglet (reg'let). A flat, narrow moulding used to separate members of com partments and panels. (See Fig. 9.) Regula (reg'fi-la). A short band or fillet of a length corresponding to the tri glyphs of the Doric frieze, bearing gubtae or drops on the lower side, and placed just below the crowning tienia of the architrave. (See Fig. 7.) Return (re-turn'). The turn and continuation of a moulding, wall, etc., in an opposite or different direction.
Reveal (re-vel'). The return at the side of an opening, or at the end of a per pendicular moulding; the vertical face of a window-opening or doorway between the face of the wall and that of the window-frame or door-frame. (See Fig. 84.) Roll (roll. In the Ionic Order, the rounding end of the volute, which rolls up on itself. (See Fig. 61.) Rosette (r6-zet'). A carved, conventionalized imitation of a rose or other de sign of similar, circular outline, executed in some material. (See Fig. 9.) Running dog (run',ing dog'). A Classic, ornamental moulding, generally used in a frieze or band, resembling the wave ornament. (See M in Plate XL.) Rusticated (rus'ti-ka-ted). Referring to the treatment of a stone wall sur face, where separate blocks are left with a rough-hewn surface projecting from the line of the joints, which are recessed in chamfered or rectangular grooves, and whose width is emphasized. (See Fig. 75.) Saturn (sa'turn). A Roman god to whom was built at Rome an elaborate Corinthian temple.
Scale (skal). A means of proportionate measurement; graduated, especially when employed as a rule, being marked by lines or degrees at regular in tervals. (See at lower right corner, Plate II.)
Scamozzi (ska-moz'zi). An Italian writer and architect, a follower and pupil of Palladio. (See Fig. 120.) Scipio (sip'i-o). The name of several Roman generals whose Tombs near the Appian Way are well known. (See Fig. 108.) Scotia (sko'ti-a). A concave moulding, as between the fillets in the base of the Doric column; used especially beneath the level of the eye. (See Fig. 5.) Screen (skren). Any wall or construction, permanent or temporary, which covers or protects a portion of a building, room, or other space from direct observation. A meshwork placed in a frame to protect a portion of a building, or an opening, from the entrance of insects. (See Plate LVIII.) Segesta (se-jes'ta). A town in the northwestern part of Sicily, containing some very beautiful Greek architectural ruins, especially that of a Doric temple of the 6th century B. C.
Segmental (seg-men'tal). Relating to or being a segment or part of a thing. Selinus (se-li'nus). A town in south*4estern Sicily, celebrated for the ruins of the Temple of Zeus.
Septimius Severus (sep-tim'i-us se-ve'rus). A Roman emperor, 193-211 A. D., in whose honor was erected a triple archway with Composite columns He died at York, England.
Serlio (ser le-o), Sebastian. An Italian architect and writer living during the time of the Renaissance. He designed a considerable number of build ings in France.
Shaft (shaft). That part of the column extending from the capital to the base. (See Figs. 3 and 61.) Sill (sil). The horizontal member at the bottom of a door or window (see Fig. 84) ; a piece of timber or stone on which a structure rests. (See Fig. 84.) Soffit (sof'it). Ceiling; applied to the under side of arches and of other archi tectural members. (See Figs. 9 and 14.) Spandrel (span'drel). The triangular space comprehended between the outer curve of an arch, a horizontal line through its apex, and a vertical line through its spring; also, the wall-space between the outer mouldings of two arches and a horizontal line or stringcourse above them, or between these outer mouldings and the intrados of another arch rising above and inclosing the two. (See Fig. 4.) Spiny (spi'ni). Pointed; sharply serrated; referring to certain forms of the Greek acanthus. (See Figs. 69 and 73, and Plate XLIX.) Stadium (sta'di-um). A large, rectangular space with a rounded end, and open to the sky; it was intended for races, contests, and spectacles of va rious kinds, and surrounded by tiers of seats for spectators.