Staves (stavz). The supports or stems holding up ornamental portions of the leafage on the Corinthian and Composite capitals. (See Plate XVI.) Stele (ste'18). A headstone or funeral monument used by the Greeks, gen erally ending with a crowning or cresting ornament including the akroter in some of its several forms. (See Fig. 86.) Stoa (sto'a). A portico, usually a sheltered portico and often of considerable extent, conveniently located near a public place and intended to afford opportunity for walking or conversation.
Stringcourse (string'kors). A belt or continuous band of mouldings extend ing across the facade of a building. (See Fig. 2.) Structure (struk'tfir). A building of any kind.
Stylobate (sti'10-bat). The platform —generally consisting of three steps, the upper forming the floor of the corridor or colonnade around the building —upon which the Classic Greek building or the columns of its surround ing colonnade rest. (See Plate XXXV and Fig. 45.) Supercolumniation (sfi'per-ko-lum-ni-n'shon). The superposition of columns; the placing of one Order above another. (See Figs. 23 and 24.) Superimposed (su'per-im-pozd'). Laid on or added above something else, as one Order placed on top of another. (See Figs. 23 and 24.) Superincumbent (su'per-in-kum'bent). Lying or resting on something else. Superposition (sO'per-po-si'shon). Placing one thing above another, as the use of a lighter Order for the second story of a building, placed above a heavier Order used for the first story. (See Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24.) Support (sup-port'). A prop.
Swell (swel). Belly; referring to the slight increase in the size of the column between the base and the neck. (See Fig: 61.) Systyle (sis'til). Having columns which stand two diameters apart, or three diameters on centers. (See Fig. 19.) Tabularium (tab-O-lar'i-um). An early Roman building backing the Senate, and consisting of a tall wall crowned with a colonnade placed against an arcade in the characteristic Roman fashion. The first example of this usage of which we know. It dates from about 78 B. C.
Tænia (te'ni-a). A fillet surmounting the Doric architrave. (See Fig. 7 and Plate IX.) Taper (ta'per). The gradual diminution or reduction in size of an object— especially a column—towards its end or top. (See Fig. 87.) Tetrastyle (tet'ra-stzi). Having or consisting of four columns. (See Plate
XXXIII.) Theseum (the-se'um). A temple to the Athenian hero, Theseus; especially a certain Doric temple built in Athens which is one of the three most per fect surviving Greek temples. (See Fig. Al.) Tholos (tho'los) or Tholus (tho'lus). A circular building; a domed structure; e. g., the Tholos at Epidauros. (See Fig. 78 and Plate L.) Titus (ti'tus). Roman emperor, 79-81 A. D. He captured Jerusalem (70 A. D.) during the reign of his father Vespasian. The Arch of Titus in Rome was erected in commemoration of this event. (See Fig. 134.) Tivoli (tev'o-l6). A town near Rome celebrated for its circular temple of Ves ta, showing an excellent example of the Roman Corinthian Order. (See Fig. 130.) Torus (to'rus). The large, convex moulding of semicircular profile used gen erally as the lowest member, and just above the plinth—when it is em ployed—of the column base. (See Fig. 5.) Trajan (tra'jan). Roman emperor, 98-117 A. D. Famous for his wars against the Dacians and Parthiams. Triumphal arches in his honor were erected at Rome and Ancona. (See Fig. 137.) Triglyph (tri'glif). A decorative ornament occurring at regular intervals in the frieze of the Greek Doric Order, and bearing perpendicular incisions or channels upon its surface. (See Fig. 7.) Tumble-home (tum'bl-hom). Strictly, a nautical term referring to the taper ing or sloping in of the sides of a vessel as they near the top of the boat; used in this connection as referring to a similar sloping-in of a column or building toward its top. (See Figs. 35 and 36.) Tuscan (tus'kan). The simplest of the five Roman .Orders of architecture, supposedly derived by the Romans from a combination of the Greek Doric with the local Etruscan columnar architecture. (See Fig. 6.) Tympanum (tim'pa-num). The triangular area surrounded by the cornices of a pediment. (See Fig. 20.) Type (tip). The original model or kind which becomes the subject of copy; the mark or impression of something bearing a definite and unmistak able stamp; belonging to a special sort or family.
Undercut (un-der-kut'). In mouldings, having a section which overhangs, giving a deep hollow or dark shadow beneath. (See M, Fig. 46.) Vanishing point (van'ish-ing point). An imaginary point towards which the horizontal lines of a building appear to converge.