263, A shows an inclined moulding, which, as far as general position is con cerned, would be the same as a gable moulding.
Raking mouldings are those which are inclined as in a gable or pediment; but, inasmuch as to miter an inclined moulding (as A) into a horizontal moulding (as B and C), under certain conditions, necessi tates a change of profile, the term "to rake," among sheet-metal work ers, has come to mean "to change profiles" for the accomplishment of such a miter. Hence the term "raked moulding" means one whose profile has been changed to admit of mitering.
The term miter, in common usage, designates a joint in a mould ing at any angle.
Drawings form a very important part in sheet-metal architectural work. An elevation is a geometrical projection of a building or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon—as, for example, Figs. 259 and 263. Elevations are ordinarily drawn to a scale of or inch to the foot. A sectional drawing shows a view of a building of other object as it would appear if cut in two at a given vertical line- as, for example, Fig. 255. Detail drawings are ordinarily full size, arid are often called working drawings. Tracings are duplicate drawings, made by tracing upon transparent cloth or paper placed over the orig final drawing. Many other terms might be introduced here; but enough, we believe, ha ve been presented to give the student the leading general points.
A few words are necessary on the subject of fastening the cornice to the wall.
Sheet-metal cornices are made of such a wide range of sizes, and are required to be placed in so many different locations, that the methods of construction, when wooden lookouts are employed and when the cornice is put together at the building in parts, are worthy of the most careful study. The general order of procedure in putting up, is as follows: The foot-moulding or architrave a b (Fig. 264) is set upon the wall finished up to f, the drip a being drawn tight against the wall. The brickwork is then carried up, and the lookout A placed in position, the wall being carried up a few courses higher to hold the lookout in position. A board B is then nailed on top of the lookouts (which
should be placed about three feet apart); and on this the flange of the foot-mould b is fastened. The frieze or panel b c is now placed into the lock B, which is closed and soldered; when the lookout C and the board D are placed in their proper positions, as before described.
The planceer and bed-mould c d are now locked and soldered at D, and the lookout E placed in position, with a board F placed under the lookouts the entire length of the cornice; onto this board the plan ceer is fastened. Having the proper measurements, the framer now constructs his lookouts or brackets G H I E, fastening to the beam at T, when the crown-mould d e is fastened to the planceer, through the flange of the drip at d, and at the top at e. The joints between lengths of mouldings, are made by lapping, riveting, or bolting, care being taken that they are joined so neatly as to hide all indications of a seam when finished and viewed from a short distance.
If brackets or modillions are to be placed in position, they are riveted or bolted in position; or sometimes the back of the cornice is blocked out with wood, and the brackets screwed in position through their flanges.
While a galvanized-iron cornice thus constructed on wooden lookouts will resist fire for a long time, a strict ly fireproof cornice is obtained only by the use of metal for supports and fastenings, to the entire exclusion of wood. This fireproof method of con struction is shown in Fig. 265. In stead of putting up in parts on the building, the cornice is con structed in one piece in the shop or upon the ground, and hoisted to the top of the wall in long lengths easily handled. A drip a is used at the bottom of the foot-mould, and the joints made in the way in dicated at b and c, with a lock at d. Band iron supports and braces are used, formed to the general contour of the parts as shown by A B C, and bolted direct to the cornice, as shown, before hoisting.