Upon an initial State appropriation of $600,000, continued by annual grants, a school of engineering was opened in 1913, with instruction in civil, electrical, and mechanical branches. This school's courses were extended in 1924 to include gas engineering, and in 1936 a course in chemical engineering was added. For these departments two laboratories and a power-house have been erected.
Teaching in Medicine.—The university received from 1913 to 1g27, gifts and grants to about $20,000,000. The clinical de partments of medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics, psychiatry, and ophthalmology were placed on a full-time basis. The General Education Board led with several large grants in all these cases, besides giving two laboratories—the new Hunterian (1915) and the pathological (I 923)—and $3,000,000 for expansion now in process, including a central heating plant (1925). Capt. Joseph R. DeLamar, who died in 1918, left bequests amounting to more than $5,000,000 in 1927. In 1923, $2,000,000 was voted by the Carnegie Corporation for the erection and maintenance of an out-patient dispensary and diagnostic clinic on the hospital grounds.
In 1925, the Wilmer ophthalmological institute, named after the first director, Dr. William Holland Wilmer, with endowment of the university department of ophthalmology, was established at the hospital, on a fund of $3,000,000. Advanced ophthalmologi cal training in America was thus made possible. The university has also profited from the establishment of six other clinics in the hospital, the Harriet Lane home for pediatrics (1912), the Phipps psychiatric clinic (1913), the Brady urological institute the women's clinic for obstetrics and gynecology (1923), and the Osler and Halsted clinics for medicine and surgery respectively (1929), all teaching hospitals staffed from the personnel of the school.
In 1918, under the direction of Dr. William H. Welch, assisted by Dr. William H. Howell, former dean of the school of medicine, a school of hygiene and public health was opened, with an annual grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, which in 1922 became an endowment of $5,000,000, with another $1,000,000 for a building, completed and occupied in 1925.
This school, together with the hospital and the school of medi cine, is a unit in one of the strongest medical centres in America. The main objects of this school are to train for public health work, promote investigation, and disseminate sound hygienic knowledge. The school operates eleven departments and a field study and training area. The degrees granted are doctor of public health, doctor of science in hygiene, master of science in hygiene, and certificate in public health. Of the 134 students enrolled in 24 came from foreign countries.
The government of the university is entrusted to a board of trustees, of which the president is a member ex-officio, while the direction of affairs of a strictly academic nature is delegated to an academic council and to department boards. In 1907-8 the regular faculty numbered 175 persons. In 1936 it numbered 597,
with 84 additional instructors in the afternoon, evening, and sum mer courses. In 1907-8 there were 683 students, of whom 518 were in post-graduate courses; in 1936, 4,434, including 834 in graduate courses.
The libraries of the university had in 1936 about five hundred thousand bound volumes and many pamphlets. During 1927 plans were completed for the creation of a central medical library, the William H. Welch medical library, to serve both the hospital and the departments of the university devoted to various branches of medical science. The project was made possible because of a generous gift from the General Education Board of New York and other friends of the university. The library contained 125,000 volumes in 1936.
Buildings and Equipment.—The buildings of the university in 1901 were crowded unpretentiously near the business centre of the city of Baltimore. In 1902 a gift of about 125 acres in the northern suburbs of the city made by a group of generous Balti more citizens, brought about plans for removal. In 1916 the re moval from the old site to Homewood was completed with the exception of the department of chemistry, which occupied its new laboratory in 1924. A physics building was added in 1929. The new tract is expertly developed. The new university buildings were fashioned in Georgian colonial architectural style in order to conform to the Homewood mansion, which was erected on the site early in the nineteenth century.
A dormitory, designated as a World War memorial, was opened in the year 1923 in the name of the university alumni. An ingeni ously equipped laboratory in plant physiology, botanical garden, and arboretum, athletic fields, and concrete grand-stand complete the development. In 1936 the university's endowment amounted to more than $29,000,00o and the value of its physical equipment was $14,000,000.
Scientific Expeditions.—The university has sponsored, or has participated in, a number of field expeditions in biology, geol ogy and archaeology, besides two botanical expeditions to the island of Jamaica in the year 1910. Two geological expeditions in 1919 and 1924 made the first detailed cross section of the Andes. A Johns Hopkins archaeologist directed excavations at Pisidian Antioch and discovered and explored the site of ancient Olynthus. Another archaeologist has directed numerous expeditions in Palestine, excavating at Gibeah of Saul, Tell Beit Mirsim, Bethel, Moab, Petra, and other sites.