Kossuth fled to Turkey, who, supported by Great Britain, refused to extradite him, interning him honourably in Vidin, Shumla and Kutahia, Asia Minor. Here he was joined by his chil dren, who had been confined at Pressburg; his wife (a price had been set on her head) had joined him earlier, having escaped in disguise. In Sept. 1851 he was liberated and embarked on an American man-of-war. At Marseilles he received an enthusiastic welcome from the people, but the prince-president refused to allow him to cross France. On Oct. 23 he landed at Southampton and spent three weeks in England, where he was the object of extraordinary enthusiasm. In the United States of America his reception was equally enthusiastic, if less dignified. Other Hun garian exiles protested against his claim to be the one national hero of the revolution, and accused him of arrogance, cowardice and duplicity. He soon returned to England, where he lived for eight years in close connection with Mazzini, by whom with some misgiving, he was persuaded to join the Revolutionary Com mittee. Quarrels of 'a kind only too common among exiles fol lowed; the Hungarians were especially offended by his claim still to be called governor. An attempt to organize a Hungarian legion during the Crimean War was stopped; but in 1859 he entered into negotiations with Napoleon, left England for Italy, and began the organization of a Hungarian legion, which was to make a descent on the coast of Dalmatia. The Peace of Villa
franca made this impossible. From that time he resided in Italy, refusing to reconcile himself with the new regime, or to avail himself of the amnesty, and, though elected to the diet of 1867, never took his seat. In later years, with tardy wisdom, he ad vocated a federation of Danubian nationalities, thus reversing the policy of savage intolerance which had proved so fatal in 1848. A law of 1879, which deprived of citizenship all Hun garians who had voluntarily been absent ten years, was a bitter blow to him.
He died in Turin on March 20, 1894; his body was taken to Pest, where he was buried amid the mourning of the whole nation.
Many points in Kossuth's career and character will probably always remain the subject of controversy. His complete works were published in Hungarian at Budapest in 1880-95. The fullest account of the Revo lution is given in Helfert, Geschichte Oesterreichs (Leipzig, 1869, etc.), representing the Austrian view, which may be compared with that of C. Gracza, History of the Hungarian War of Independence, (in Hungarian) (Budapest, 1894). See also E.O.S., Hungary and its Revolutions, with a Memoir of Louis Kossuth (5854) ; Horvath, 25 Jahre aus der Geschichte Ungarns, 1823-1848 (Leipzig, 1867) ; Sze mere, Politische Charakterskizzen: 111. Kossuth (Hamburg, 1853) Louis Kossuth, Memoirs of my Exile (188o) ; Pulszky, Meine Zeit, mein Leben (Pressburg, 188o) ; A. Somogyi, Ludwig Kossuth (1894).