JONESCU, TAKE (1858-1922), Rumanian statesman, was born at Ploesci on Oct. 26, 1858, and after studying law in Paris was in 1884 elected a deputy. He was minister of public instruc tion and finance in various Conservative cabinets until 1908 when he founded the Conservative-Democratic party. In 1912 his group formed a Coalition cabinet under Maiorescu, in which Jonescu was minister of the interior. He represented Rumania at the Peace Conference of Bucharest in 1913, and in 1914 he negotiated at Athens the peace between Greece and Turkey. When the World War broke out, Jonescu was, from the first, in favour of intervention on the side of the Allies. In 1918 he went to Paris, and as head of the Rumanian national committee he contributed greatly to the re-integration of Rumania in her rights as an ally when Germany was finally defeated. Jonescu was appointed foreign minister in April 1920, in the Averescu Gov ernment. His own original plan for solving the problems created by the Peace Settlement was that of an economic Danube Feder ation ; but finding Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia hostile to such an idea, he collaborated with their foreign ministers to create the Little Entente (q.v.). He died in Rome on June 21, 1922. JONGKIND, JOHANN BARTHOLD A ) Dutch painter and engraver, was born at Lattrop, near Rotterdam, on June 3, 1819. He studied at The Hague in the studio of Stef fens, and at the Academy under the landscape painter, A. Schelf
hout. In 1846 he moved to Paris, and worked under Isabey and Picot. He exhibited at the Salon in 1848, and again in 1852, when he received a medal and worked much at Le Havre. After a stay in Holland (1855-6o) he returned to Paris. His works were ex hibited with those of Corot, Daubigny and Troyon at an exhibi tion arranged by Count Armand Doria, and by his style he be longed to the Fontainebleau group. He chose his subjects on the banks of the Seine, and in other picturesque old quarters of Paris on the sea coast of Normandy and on the Dutch canals. Refused at the Salon of 1863, he joined in the Salon des Refuses, and made the acquaintance of C. Monet. His rendering of atmosphere and his study of fleeting effects of light and of reflections make him a pioneer of impressionism—though his oil pictures were not painted direct from nature, and are carefully arranged composi tions. His drawings and water colours on the other hand were done out of doors. In 1878 he settled at COte-Saint-Andre (Isere) where he painted the simple landscape motives for which his art is famous. He died at Cote-Saint-Andre on Feb. 9, 1891.
See E. Moreau-Nelaton, Jongkind, raconte par lui-tnetne (1918) ; Delteil, Peintre-Graveur (1906).