BIBLIOGRAPHY.-(I) National Sources: Official: Great Britain (H. M. Stationery Office), London, Acts of Parliament, published separately and in annual volume of General Public Acts; Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes (new ed. annually) ; Statutory Rules and Orders (published separately and also in an annual collection) ; Factory and Workshop Orders (issued periodically), Coal Mines Act, Regulations and Orders (issued periodically) ; and Lists of the Principal Acts of Parliament, Regulations, Orders, Instructions and Notices relating to Merchant Shipping (issued periodically) ; Canada: Labour Legislation in Canada (published every few years, with annual supplements intervening, by the Department of Labour, Ottawa). United States of America: Labor Laws of the United States, Bulletin of the Bureau of Labour Statistics, No. 370, 1925 (with annual supplements since).
France : Lois, Decrets, Arretes concernant la Reglementation du Travail, documents reunis par le Ministere du Travail (1925 ; new edition or supplement every few years). Unofficial: A. Redgrave, The Factory, Truck and Shop Acts (5878) ; 13th ed. by C. F. Lloyd (1924) ; J. Macdonell, The Law of Master and Servant (1883 ; 2nd ed., by E. A. M. Innes, 1908) ; Odgers, Odgers on the Common Law of England, vol. ii., chap. 12 (1920, 2nd ed., 1927) ; H. H. Slesser and A. Henderson, Industrial Law (1924). Germany: E. Hoffmann, Die Gewerbeordnung fiir das Deutsche Reich and Preussen.
(2) International Sources: Most of the statutory labour law now in operation in the different countries of the world can be found in one or other of the following collections of translations of labour laws: I, Bulletin of the International Labor Office (of Basle) (English edition, 1906-1919, vols. i. to xiv. ; German and French editions, Bulletin des internationalen Arbeitersamtes and Bulletin de l'office International du Travail, 1919-20, vols. i. to xviii.). 2, The Legisla tive Series of the International Labour Office (Geneva ; German ed. Gesetzreihe; French ed. Serie Legislative) appearing annually, the laws being issued first in a series of advance brochures, referred to by abbreviated names of countries and numbered under each country. The brochure edition began in English for the year 1919, and covers the same ground as the Bulletin of Basle for that year, the annual volumes began with the year 1920. 3, The Annuaire de la Legislation
du Travail (in French only, but giving the original texts also in some years) , published annually by the Belgian Government (1897-1913) and closing with a collection of labour laws covering the war period. The International Labour Review (Monthly, Geneva, 1921 etc.) con tains articles on labour laws of different countries. (S. S.) Despite the rapid industrialization of the United States in the last half of the 19th century, it was not until the second quarter of the loth that the need for public regulation which had marked the advanced phases of the industrial revolution in European countries, was reflected to any parallel degree in the course of American legislation. Towards the end of the 19th century many of the seaboard states, where the impact of the industrial revolu tion was most pronounced, passed laws limiting hours of labour, protecting the health and safety of the workers, and regulating the employment of women and children. As industry developed and spread westward, laws of this nature became more widespread and frequent.
Under the dual system established by the Constitution, legisla tion concerning the employer-employee relationship, normally originated in the states. The Federal Government, however, still retained important powers in this respect. Some of these powers were : To regulate interstate and foreign commerce, under which Congress legislated concerning railroad employees, seamen and maritime workers; to make appropriations and levy taxes for the general welfare ; to make treaties; to exercise admiralty and bankruptcy jurisdiction; to create Federal courts, in which cases involving the rights of labour were decided; and to regulate the working conditions of employees of the Federal Government and persons engaged on the public works of the United States. But when in response to years of widespread public debate, Congress in the second decade of the century, ventured into the general field by passing a national child labour law the Supreme Court held the act void as an unauthorized invasion of the domain re served by the Constitution to the states.