LICHNOWSKY, KARL MAX, PRINCE German diplomatist, was born at Kreuzenort, Upper Silesia, on March 8, 1860, the son of the 6th Prince Lichnowsky and of Princess Marie de Croy. He entered the German Foreign Office in 1884, and served in various legations until 1889, employing his vacations in travel in America and the Far East in order to study political and economic conditions outside Europe. In 1889 Billow, who reposed complete confidence in him, recalled him to the Foreign Office, where he had charge of the personnel. He re tired in 1904 to give attention to his estates, but was recalled to the service in to become ambassador in London. During his stay in London he worked hard for pacific relations between Eng land and Germany; and the colonial agreement which was ready for signature in 1914 was largely his work. When the Serbian crisis arose in the summer of that year. Lichnowsky urgently recommended the acceptance in Berlin of Sir E. Grey's media tion proposals. He had repeatedly warned Berlin of the dangers
underlying the Anglo-German rivalries, but he had ceased to possess the complete confidence of his government, and his warn ings were neglected. At the supreme crisis he was not in pos session of all the facts. On the outbreak of war he returned to Berlin a broken man, and found that in some quarters he was held guilty of not having done his utmost to prevent British in tervention. He wrote an apologia, Meine Londoner Mission, of his conduct of affairs in London for private circulation, which fell into the hands of German pacifists who printed it in 1918. He was then excluded from the Prussian Upper House. In 1925 he published an appeal against this exclusion, Flugschriften des Bundes Neues Vaterland; and in 1927 wrote Auf dem Wege zum Abgrund (Eng. trans. 1928), dealing with the origins of the World War. He died at his estate of Kuchelna on Feb. 27, 1928.