Friedrich 1789 1846 List
List, Friedrich (1789-1846), German Economist, Was Born At Reutlingen, Wurttemberg, On Aug. 6, 1789. Unwilling To Follow The Occupation Of His Father, Who Was A Tanner, He Became A Clerk In The Public Service, And By 1816 Had Risen To The Post Of Ministerial Under-secretary. In 1817 He Was Appointed ...
Fundamental Principles Of Proper
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Gabriel 1845 1920 Lippmann
Lippmann, Gabriel (1845-1920, French Physicist, Was Born At Hollerich, Luxembourg, On Aug. 16, 1845. He Was Educated At Paris And Was Sent By The Government On A Scien Tific Mission To Investigate The Methods Of Teaching Science In Germany. Later He Held The Following Posts: "maitre De Con Ferences" In ...
Gaius Lucilius
Lucilius, Gaius (c. 18o-1o3 B.c.), The Earliest Roman Satirist, Of Whose Writings Only Fragments Remain, Was Born At Suessa Aurunca In Campania. The Dates Assigned By Jerome For His Birth And Death Are 148 And 103 Or 102 B.c. But It Is Impos Sible To Reconcile The First Of These ...
Gard 1st Baron
Gard ( 1st Baron) Cr. 1928 (1858— ), British Tor, Son Of The Rev. F. G. Lugard, Was Born On Jan. 22, 1858. He Entered The Army In 1878 And Served In The Afghan War (1879 8o), In The Sudan Campaign (1884-85) And In Burma (i886-87). In May 1888 He ...
Gaseous Vapour Lamps
Gaseous Vapour Lamps About 1890 Dr. D. Mcfarlan Moore Tested A Large Number Of Gaseous Tube Designs Containing All Available Gases And A Great Many Vapours. The Ones Then Considered Commercially Promising Were The Relatively Low-voltage, Long-tube, Nitrogen Or Carbon Dioxide Filled Lamps. The Former Yield Yellow-orange Tinted Light, The ...
Georg 1839 1923 Lunge
Lunge, Georg (1839-1923), German Chemist, Was Born At Breslau On Sept. 15, 1839. He Studied At Heidelberg (under R. W. Bunsen [q.v.]) And Breslau, Graduating At The Latter Uni Versity In 1859. Turning His Attention To Technical Chemistry, He Became Chemist At Several Works Both In Germany And England, And ...
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph German Satirical Writer And Physicist, Was Born At Oberramstadt, Near Darmstadt, On July 1, 1742. In 1763 He Entered Gottingen University, Where In 1769 He Became Extraordinary Professor Of Physics, And Six Years Later Ordinary Professor. This Post He Held Till His Death On Feb. 24, 1799. ...
George 1673 1731 Lockhart
Lockhart, George (1673-1731), Of Carnwath, Scot Tish Writer And Politician, Son Of Sir G. Lockhart (d. 1689), Lord President Of The Court Of Session, Was Member For The City Of Edinburgh In The Scottish Parliament And Was Appointed A Com Missioner For Arranging The Union With England In I7o5. After ...
George 1693 1739 Lillo
Lillo, George (1693-1739), English Dramatist, Son Of A Dutch Jeweller, Was Born In London On Feb. 4, 1693. He Was Brought Up To His Father's Trade And Was For Many Years A Partner In The Business. His First Piece, Silvia, Or The Country Burial, Was A Ballad Opera Produced At ...
Gospel Of Luke
Luke, Gospel Of, A Narrative Dealing With The Life Of Jesus Of Nazareth, Included In The List Of Books Used By The Christian Church As A New Testament. In This Canon It Came To Occupy The Third Place Among The Gospels. It Is, However, Only The First Volume Of A ...
Hans Luther
Luther, Hans (1879— ), German Statesman, Was Born In Berlin, On March So, 1879, And Studied Law In Berlin, Kiel And Geneva. He Then Entered The Local Administration Service. At First He Was Stationed In Charlottenburg, And From 1907-13, In The Magistrat In Magdeburg Under The Former Minister Of Finance, ...
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Dutch Physicist, Was Born At Arnheim On July 18, 1853. He Studied At Leyden, Where He Was Appointed Professor Of Mathematical Physics In 1878. In 1923 He Became Director Of Research At The Teyler Institute, Haarlem. He Remained Honorary Professor At Leyden, Where He Gave A Weekly ...
Henry Brougham Loch Loch
Loch, Henry Brougham Loch, 1st Baron M.p., Of Drylaw, Midlothian, Was Born On May 23, 1827. After Two Years' Service In The Navy, He Entered The East India Com Pany's Military Service, And In 1842 Obtained A Commission In The Bengal Light Cavalry. In The Sikh War In 1845 He ...
Henry Cabot 1850 1924 Lodge
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1850-1924), American States Man And Author, Was Born In Boston, Mass., On May 12, 1850. He Graduated At Harvard College In 1871 And At The Harvard Law School In 1875; Was Admitted To The Suffolk (mass.) Bar In 1876; And In 1876-79 Was Instructor In American History ...
Henry Parry Liddon
Liddon, Henry Parry English Divine, Was The Son Of A Naval Captain And Was Born At North Stoneham, Hampshire, On Aug. 20,1829. He Was Educated At King's College School, London, And At Christ Church, Oxford. As Vice-principal Of The Theological College At Cuddesdon (1854-59) And As Vice Principal Of St. ...
Henry Wadsworth 1807 Longfellow
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1807 188a), American Poet, Was Born In Portland (me.), On Feb. 27, 1807, Of A Family For Generations Domiciled In New England. After Studying At A Private School And At The Portland Academy, He Entered Bowdoin College, Graduating There In 1825. Even As A Boy He Wrote ...
History Of Logic
Logic, History Of. Logic Arose, At Least For The West Ern World, In The Golden Age Of Greek Speculation Which Culmi Nated In Plato And Aristotle. There Is An Indian Logic, It Is True, But Its Priority Is Still Disputed. In Any Case, No Influence Upon Greek Thought Can Be ...
I Fra Filippo Lippi
I. Fra Filippo Lippi (1406-1469), Commonly Called Lippo Lippi, One Of The Most Renowned Painters Of The Italian Quatro Cento, Was Born In Florence. In 1421 He Was Registered In The Corn Munity Of The Carmelite Friars Of The Carmine In Florence. Here He Remained Till 1432, And His Early ...
I The Logic Of
I. The Logic Of Empiricism Hobbes.—with Hobbes Logic Is A Calculus Of Marks And Signs In The Form Of Names. Naming Is What Distinguishes Man From The Brutes. It Enables Him To Fix Fleeting Memories And To Com Municate With His Fellows. He Alone Is Capable Of Truth In The ...
Ii Filippino Lippi 1457 1504
Ii. Filippino Lippi (1457-1504), Was The Natural Son Of Fra Lippo Lippi And Lucrezia Buti, Born At Prato. Losing His Father At An Early Age, The Boy Was Placed In Charge Of Fra Diamante. He Studied Under Sandro Botticelli. His Powers Developed Early, For We Find Him An Accomplished Artist ...
Iii Polariloculares
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Illuminants
Illuminants The Earliest Form Of Illuminant Used For Lighthouses Was A Fire Of Coal Or Wood Set In A Brazier Or Grate Erected On Top Of The Lighthouse Tower. Until The End Of The I8th And Even Into The I9th Century This Primitive Illuminant Continued To Be Almost The Only ...
Immediate Inference
Immediate Inference We Have Now To Consider The Main Types Of Propositions, Their Meanings, And Their Implications. It Has Already Been Stated That A Proposition Is The Verbal Expression Of Judgment, And That A Judgment Is What One Thinks, Believes, Or Knows. For Purposes Of Formal Logic It Is Convenient ...
Incandescent Lamps
Incandescent Lamps Because Of Their Flexibility Of Use And Convenience, Incandescent Lamps Have Become The Most Important Of All Illuminants. Since The Last Major Development In Incandescent Lamps, The Gas-filled Bulb In 1913, There Have Been Many Improvements That Have In Creased Their Field Of Application. Their Size Ranges From ...
Isaac Ben Solomon Luria
Luria, Isaac Ben Solomon Jewish Mystic, Was Born In Jerusalem. From His German Descent He Was Surnamed Ashkenazi (the German). In 1559 Luria Was Living In Cairo And Trading As A Spice Merchant With His Headquarters In Alexandria. He Had Come To Egypt As A Boy Of Ter His Father's ...
Jacques 1859 1924 Loeb
Loeb, Jacques (1859-1924), German Biologist, Was Born In Germany, April 7, 1859. Graduating At Ascanisches Gymnasium, Berlin, He Studied Medicine In Munich And Stras Bourg (m.d., 1885). He Was Assistant In Physiology At The Universities Of Wurtzburg (1886-88) And Strasbourg (1888–go), Working Also At The Naples Biological Station From 1889 ...
James 1821 1904 Longstreet
Longstreet, James (1821-1904), American Soldier, Lieutenant General In The Confederate Army, Was Born On Feb. 8, 1821, In Edgefield District, S.c., And Graduated From West Point In 1842. He Was Severely Wounded In The Mexican War, And Received Two Brevets For Gallantry. In 1861, Having Attained The Rank Of Major, ...
James Russell 1819 1891 Lowell
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Jean Baptiste Louvet De
Louvet De Couvrai, Jean Baptiste (176o 1797), French Writer And Politician, Was Born In Paris On June 12, 176o. He Became A Bookseller's Clerk, And Published Two Novels, Les Amours Du Chevalier De Faublas (1787-89), And Emilie De V Armont, Which Attracted Some Attention. Paris Justifie, A Reply Of Mounier's ...
Jean Baptiste Lully Or Lulli
Lully Or Lulli, Jean-baptiste French Composer, Of Italian Birth, Was Born In Florence On Nov. 29, 1639. Through The Duc De Guise He Entered The Service Of Madame De Montpensier As Scullery-boy. He Then Studied The Theory Of Music Under Metra And Entered The Court Orchestra, Being Appointed Director In ...
Jean Etienne 1702 1789 Liotard
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Jenny Lind
Lind, Jenny The Famous Swedish Singer, Was Born At Stockholm On Oct. 6, 1820, The Daughter Of A Lace Manu Facturer. Mlle. Lundberg, An Opera-dancer, First Discovered Her Musical Gift, And Induced The Child's Mother To Have Her Educated For The Stage ; During The Six Or Seven Years In ...
Jeronimo 1593 1678 Lobo
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John 1632 1704 Locke
Locke, John (1632-1704), English Philosopher, Was Born On Aug. 29, 1632, At Wrington, Somersetshire. His Father, A Small Landowner And Attorney, Was A Strict But Genial Puritan And Fought On The Parliamentary Side In The Civil War. The Relations Between Father And Son Were Ideal, And Left Their Mark On ...
John 1743 1802 Lowell
Lowell, John (1743-1802), American Jurist, Was Born In Newburyport (mass.), On June 17, 1743. He Graduated At Harvard In 1760, Was Admitted To The Bar In 1763, Represented Newburyport (1776) And Boston (1778) In The Massachusetts Assembly, And Was A Member Of The Massachusetts Constitutional Convention Of 1779-80. As A ...
John 1771 1851 Lingard
Lingard, John (1771-1851), English Historian, Was Born On Feb. 5, 1771 At Winchester. Educated At The English College At Douai, Where He Spent Some Time As Tutor In The Family Of Lord Stourton, In Oct. 1794 He Settled Along With Seven Other Former Members Of The Old Douai College At ...
John Alexander 1826 1886 Logan
Logan, John Alexander (1826-1886), American Soldier And Political Leader, Was Born In What Is Now Murphys Borough, Ill., On Feb. 9, 1826. He Had No Schooling Until He Was 14; He Then Studied For Three Years In Shiloh College, Served In The Mexican War As A Lieutenant Of Volunteers, Graduated ...
John Campbell Loudoun
Loudoun, John Campbell, 1st Earl Of (1598— 1663), Scottish Politician, Eldest Son Of Sir James Campbell Of Lawers, Became Baron Loudoun In Right Of His Wife Margaret, Granddaughter Of Hugh Campbell, Ist Baron Loudoun (d. 1622). With John Leslie, 6th Earl Of Rothes, He Took Part In The Pro Mulgation ...
John Gibson 1794 1854 Lockhart
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John Jean Louis Ligonier
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John Lilburne
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John Seymour 1849 1923 Lucas
Lucas, John Seymour (1849-1923), English Painter, Was Born In London, And Was A Student In The Royal Academy Schools. He Was Elected A.r.a. In 1886 And R.a. In 1898, And Was A Constant Exhibitor Of Pictures Of Historical And Domestic Inci Dents, Notably Of The Tudor And Stuart Periods. One ...
Jonas Lauritz Edemil Lie
Lie, Jonas Lauritz Edemil Nor Wegian Novelist, Was Born On Nov. 6, 1833, Close To Hougsund (eker), Near Drammen. In 1838, His Father Being Appointed Sheriff Of Tromso, The Family Removed To That Arctic Town. Here Lie Gained Acquaintance With The Wild Seafaring Life Which He Was Afterwards To Describe. ...
Joseph 1883 1924 Lipka
Lipka, Joseph (1883-1924), American Mathematician, Was Born At Briessin, Poland, In 1883. He Emigrated To America As A Child And Was Educated At Columbia University (a.b., 1905; A.m., 1906; Ph.d., 1912). He Was Instructor In Mathematics At The University Of California 1907-08, And Afterwards Instructor 1908-17, Assistant Professor 1917-23 And ...
Joseph Barber Lightfoot
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Joseph Lister Lister
Lister, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron (1827-1912), Eng Lish Surgeon And Founder Of Antiseptic Surgery, Was Born At Upton, Essex, On April 5, 1827. His Father, Joseph Jackson Lister, F.r.s., Became Eminent In Optical Science By Perfecting The Achro Matic Lens And Improving The Compound Microscope. Joseph Lis Ter Was Educated ...
Justus 1547 1606 Lipsius
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Justus Von Liebig
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Kants And Post Kantian Logic
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Karl 1871 1919 Liebknecht
Liebknecht, Karl (1871-1919), German Socialist, Was Born In Leipzig On Aug. 13, 1871. The Son Of Wilhelm Lieb Knecht (q.v.), He Qualified As A Lawyer, And Became A Prominent Member Of The Extreme Left Wing Of The Social Democrat Party. After Serving A Sentence Of 18 Months' Imprisonment For High ...
Karl Friedrich Wilhelm 1816
Ludwig, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1816 1895), German Physiologist, Was Born At Witzenhausen, Near Cassel, On Dec. 29, 1816. He Studied Medicine At Erlangen And At Marburg, Where He Taught Anatomy And Physiology Until 1849. He Then Became Professor At Zurich. In 1855 He Went To Vienna In The Same Capacity ...
Karl Max Lichnowsky
Lichnowsky, Karl Max, Prince German Diplomatist, Was Born At Kreuzenort, Upper Silesia, On March 8, 1860, The Son Of The 6th Prince Lichnowsky And Of Princess Marie De Croy. He Entered The German Foreign Office In 1884, And Served In Various Legations Until 1889, Employing His Vacations In Travel In ...
Lake Of Lucerne
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Lake Of Lugano
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Later Greek Logic
Later Greek Logic After Aristotle We Have, As Regards Logic, What The Verdict Of After Times Has Rightly Characterized As An Age Of Epigoni. So Far As The Aristotelian Framework Is Accepted We Meet Only Minor Corrections And Extensions Of A Formal Kind. If There Is Conscious And Purposed Divergence ...
Li Hung Chang
Li Hung Chang (le-hoong-chahng) (1823-1901), Chinese Statesman, Was Born On Feb. 16, 1823 At Hofei, In Ngan-hui. In 1847 He Became A Chin-shih, Or Graduate Of The Highest Order, Two Years Later Entering Hanlin University. He Raised A Regi Ment Of Militia Against The Taiping Rebels, Thus Earning The Good ...
Library Architecture
Library Architecture. Architecturally, The Li Brary Is A Modern Problem. There Were, Of Course, Many Famous Libraries Before Modern Times, But From The Description That We Have Of Those Of Antiquity, And From The Examples Still Existing Of Libraries Of The Renaissance On To The End Of The 18th Century, ...
Library Associations And Training
Library Associations And Training The First And Largest Association Established For The Study Of Librarianship Was The American Library Association (1876), Which Includes Canada. The Library Association Of The United King Dom Was Formed In 1877, As An Outcome Of The First International Library Conference, Held At London, And In ...
Library Schools
Library Schools The First School In The World Established Solely For The Pro Fessional Training Of Librarians Was Started At Columbia College, New York City, In 1887, By Melvil Dewey, Then Librarian Of The College. Dewey's Plan For A School For The Training Of Librarians Had Been Presented To The ...
Licensed Victualler
Licensed Victualler. A "licensed Victualler," In The Original English Meaning Of The Term, Was The Keeper Of What The Old Licensing Statutes Called A "victualling House." As A Descrip Tive Term The Name Is One Of Considerable Historical Interest And Importance. It Bears Clear Witness To The Intention And Purpose ...
Lichens
Lichens Are, With Few Exceptions, Land Plants Of Simple Structure. They Grow Almost Everywhere, Spreading Over Soil, Rocks, The Trunks, Branches And Leaves Of Trees, Etc., As Flat Crusts, Leafy Expansions, Shrub-like Tufts Or Pendulous Filaments In Va Rious Colour Shades Of White, Grey, Yellow, Brown Or Almost Black. The ...
Lichfield
Lichfield, A City, County Of A City, And Municipal Borough In Staffordshire, England, 118 M. N.w. From London. Pop. (1931) 8,508. The Town Is Situated On A Stream Draining Eastward To The Trent, With Low Hills To The East And South. There Is A Tradition That "christianfield" Near Lichfield Was ...
Licinius Flavius Galerius Valerius
Licinius (flavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus ) , Roman Emperor, A.d. 307-324, Of Illyrian Peasant Origin, Was Born Probably About 25o. After The Death Of Flavius Valerius Severus He Was Elevated To The Rank Of Augustus By Galerius, His Former Friend And Companion In Arms, On Nov. It, 307, Receiving As ...