The university has faculties of theology, juris prudence, medicine, political and economic science, philosophy, history and letters, mathematical, physical and natural sciences, and institutes of pharmacy and dentistry. It has a library, two museums, a department of physical education, a gymnasium and a meteorological observatory. A Catholic university has faculties of letters, jurisprudence and political science. A school of engi neering was established in 1876 with departments of mines, civil engineering and architecture. There is a school of scientific agri culture, a military school in Chorrillos for officers and men, a naval academy in La Punta, a school of arts and crafts, a popular uni versity, established in 1921, a school of fine arts (1918) a teachers' college (1905), the only one of its kind in Peru, normal schools, a reform school for boys, the Jorge Chavez school of aviation, a national academy of music and conservatory, business and lan guage schools, more than a dozen secondary schools for boys, the largest of which is Guadalupe (1841) and some for girls, though the majority of schools for girls are convents or private schools. There are in all ten museums, which include collections of Peru vian antiquities, arts, costumes and paintings of scenes and characters in national history. The Lima charity organization maintains public hospitals, including the Arzobispo Loayza, mod ern in design and equipment. There are many private hospitals, eight volunteer fire companies, five large markets and a modern prison. The national library, founded in 1821 and destroyed by the Chileans in 1881, now consists of 50,000 volumes, collected largely through the efforts of Don Ricardo Palma. There is postal and telegraphic service with cable connection at Callao, and wire less communication from a high-power station near Lima with Iquitos and other points in the republic. The telephone, intro duced in 1888, now has 8,000 subscribers in Lima and environs. There are many newspapers, chief among them El Comercio (1839), and periodicals devoted to various interests, some illus trated, some published in foreign languages.
Hydro-electric power for city lighting and tramways, as well as for industrial purposes, is furnished by the Lima Light, Power and Tramways Company, transferred by high-tension wires from Chosica and Yanacoto. Business is chiefly in the hands of wholesale houses, both native and foreign, which export raw products and import manufactured goods. They have chains of branch houses throughout the repub lic. Many of these have fine buildings in Lima, as do also insurance companies, construction firms and large corporations, both na tional and foreign, whose activities are elsewhere in the republic.
The most important manufacturing industry is textiles; eight cotton and two woollen mills have a total production of more than 30,000,00o yards a year. Other industries are tanneries, fac tories for making shoes and leather articles, hats, furniture, choco late and biscuits, tile, candles, soap and powder; also oil refineries, coke ovens and railway shops, flour mills, distilleries and brew eries. The Estanco del Tabaco, subsidiary of the National Tax Collecting Company, has a factory in Lima which produces 6.000, 000 cigarettes and 600,000 cigars a year. Some recently established industries include factories for making glass, Portland cement, aluminium articles for household use, rubber goods, hosiery and chemicals (caustic soda and chloride of lime). There are shops of all sizes and a merchants' association, as well as many work men's protective associations.
The principal banks, with branches in other cities, are the Bank of Peru and London (1863) ; Italian Bank (1889) ; Popular Bank (1899) ; Transatlantic German Bank (1905) ; Royal Bank of Canada (1916) ; National City Bank (1920) ; Anglo-South Ameri can Bank, Ltd. (1920). The Caja de Ahorros (Savings Bank) was established in 1868, the Caja de
y Consignaciones (a depository for Government trust funds such as customs re ceipts, internal taxes, tobacco and salt revenues) in 1905 and the Reserve Bank in 1922 (see also PERU). (M. T. BO