LUXEMBOURG, FRANcOIS HENRI DE MONT MORENCY-BOUTEVILLE, DUKE OF (1628-1695), mar shal of France, the comrade and successor of the great Conde, was born at Paris on Jan. 8, 1628. He was the son of the comte de Montmorency-Bouteville, and was brought up by his aunt, Char lotte de Montmorency, princess of Conde, with her son, the duc d'Enghien. The young Montmorency (or Bouteville as he was then called) shared his cousin's successes and reverses throughout the troubles of the Fronde. He returned to France in 1659 and was pardoned, and Conde arranged his marriage to the greatest heiress in France, Madeleine de Luxembourg-Piney, princesse de Tingry and heiress of the Luxembourg dukedom 0660, after which he was created duc de Luxembourg and peer of France. At the opening of the War of Devolution (1667-68), Conde, and consequently Luxembourg, had no command, but during the sec ond campaign he served as Conde's lieutenant-general in the con quest of Franche Comte. In 1672 he held a high command against the Dutch. He defeated the prince of Orange at Woerden and ravaged Holland, and in 1673 made his famous retreat from Utrecht to Maestricht with only 20,000 men in face of 70,000, an exploit which placed him in the first rank of generals. In he was made captain of the gardes du corps, and in 1675 marshal of France. In 1676 he commanded the army of the Rhine, but failed to keep the duke of Lorraine out of Philipsburg; in 1677 he stormed Valenciennes; and in 1678 he defeated the prince of Orange, who attacked him at St. Denis after the signature of the peace of Nijmwegen. Luxembourg spent some months of 168o in the Bastille, but on his release took up his post at court as capitaine des gardes.
When the war of 1690 broke out, the king and Louvois gave Luxembourg command of the army of Flanders. On July r, 169o,
he won a victory over the prince of Waldeck at Fleurus. In 1691 he commanded the army which covered the king's siege of Mons and defeated William III. of England at Leuze on Sept. 18, 1691. Again in the next campaign he covered the king's siege of Namur, and defeated William at Steenkirk (q.v.) on June 5, 1692; and on July 29, 1693, he won his greatest victory over his old adversary at Neerwinden, after which he was called le tapissier de NOtre Dame from the number of captured colours that he sent to the cathedral. He was received with enthusiasm at Paris by all but the king, who looked coldly on a relative and adherent of the Condos. In the campaign of 1694, Luxembourg did little in Flanders, except that he conducted a famous march from Vigna mont to Tournay in face of the enemy. He died on January 4, 1695. As a general he was Conde's grandest pupil. Though sloth ful like Conde in the management of a campaign, at the moment of battle he seemed seized with happy inspirations, against which no ardour of William's and no steadiness of Dutch or English soldiers could stand. He left four sons, the youngest of whom was a marshal of France as Marechal de Montmorency.
See, besides the various memoirs and histories of the time, Beau rain's Histoire militaire du duc de Luxembourg (Hague and Paris, 1756) ; Memoires pour servir a Phistoire du marechal duc de Luxem bourg (Hague and Paris, 1758) ; Courcelles, Dictionnaire des generaux francais, vol. viii. (Paris, 1823). See Segur La jeunesse du marechal de Luxembourg, 1628-68 (Iwo) ; Le marechal de Luxembourg et le prince d'Orange, 1668-98 (1902) and Les dernieres annies du marechal de Luxembourg (1904), also Canonge, Le marechal duc de Luxembourg (1924) .