MACMILLAN, the name of a family of English publishers. The founders of the firm were two Scotsmen, Daniel Macmillan (1813-57) and his younger brother Alexander (1818-96). Dan iel was a native of the Isle of Arran, and Alexander was born in Irvine on Oct. 3, 1818. Daniel was for some time assistant to the bookseller Johnson at Cambridge, but entered the employ of Messrs. Seeley in London in 1837; in 1843 he began business in Aldersgate street, and in the same year the two brothers pur chased the business of Newby in Cambridge. They began to publish educational works in 1844. In 1845 they became the pro prietors of the more important business of Stevenson, in Cam bridge, the firm being styled Macmillan, Barclay and Macmillan. In 185o Barclay retired and the firm resumed the name of Mac millan and Co. Daniel Macmillan died at Cambridge on June 27, 1857. In that year an impetus was given to the business by the publication of Kingsley's Two Years Ago. A branch office was opened in 1858 in Henrietta street, London, and in 1897 the buildings in St. Martin's street were opened. Alexander Mac
millan died in Jan. 1896. In little over half a century he had built up one of the most important publishing houses in the world. Macmillan published the works of Kingsley, Huxley, Maurice, Tennyson, Lightfoot, Westcott, J. R. Green, Lord Roberts, Lewis Carroll, and of many other well-known authors. In 1898 they took over the house of R. Bentley and Son, and in 1893 the firm was converted into a limited liability company, its chairman being Frederick Macmillan (b. 1851), who was knighted in 1909. The American firm of the Macmillan Company, of which he was also a director, is a separate business.
See Thomas Hughes, Memoir of Daniel Macmillan (1882) ; A Bibli ographical Catalogue of Macmillan and Co's Publications from 1843 to 1889 (1891), with portraits of the brothers Daniel and Alexander after Lowes Dickinson and Hubert Herkomer; also articles in Le Livre (Sept. 1886), Publishers' Circular (Jan. 14, the Bookman (May I901), etc.