Maceio Or
Maceio Or Macayo, A City And Port Of Brazil And Capi. Tal Of The State Of Alagoas, About 125 M. S.s.w. Of Pernambuco In Lat. 9° 39' 35" S., Long. 44' 36" W. Of Greenwich. Popu Lation (193o), Including A Large Rural District And Several Villages, 103,930. The City Stands ...
Macerata
Macerata, City Of The Marches, Italy, Chief Town Of The Province Of Macerata And A Bishop's See, 44 M. By Rail South Of Ancona. Pop. (1931), 14,382 (town), 26,422 (commune). Crowning A Hill 1,020 Ft. Above Sea-level, With A Picturesque Mass Of Buildings Enclosed By Walls And Towers, Macerata Looks ...
Machine Photogravure
Machine Photogravure: See Photogravure (machine). These Lie At The Basis Of All Modern Industrial Production, For They Are Not Only Necessary For The Manufacture Of Every Class Of Engine And Kind Of Mechanism But Every Manufactured Product, Whether Fabrics Or Textiles, Metal Goods, Soap, Foodstuffs, Building Materials, Scientific Instruments, Etc., ...
Machinery And Production
Machinery And Production. The Influence Of Machinery On Production And Human Welfare Is Well Illustrated By Comparing The Highly Industrialized Countries, Which To-day Repre Sent The Greatest Advance In Civilization, With Those Vast Regions Of Other Continents Which, Although Rich In Natural Resources, Are Har Bouring Hundreds Of Millions Of ...
Mackerel
Mackerel (scomber Scombrus), The Typical Fish Of The Family Scombridae, Which Are Swift Carnivorous Pelagic Fishes Found In Tropical And Temperate Seas, Of Fusiform Shape, Gener Ally Bluish Above And Silvery Below, With Small, Thin Scales, Pointed Head And Rather Large Mouth, Spinous Dorsal Fin Of Slen Der Spines That ...
Mackinac Island
Mackinac Island, A City Of Mackinac County, Michi Gan, U.s.a., On Mackinac Island In The North-west Extremity Of Lake Huron. It Is Connected By Steamers With St. Ignace (6 M. W.) And Mackinaw City (7 M. S.w.), On Both Sides Of The Straits Of Mackinac, And Is Served By The ...
Maclaurins Theorem
Maclaurin's Theorem: See Taylor's Theorem. Maclean, Sir Donald ( ,1_64-1932), British Politi Cian, The Eldest Son Of John Maclean Of Kilmoluag, Tiree, Scot Land, Was Admitted A Solicitor In 1887. After Three Unsuccessful Contests, He Entered The House Of Commons In 1906 As Liberal Member For Bath. He Failed To ...
Macmillan
Macmillan, The Name Of A Family Of English Publishers. The Founders Of The Firm Were Two Scotsmen, Daniel Macmillan (1813-57) And His Younger Brother Alexander (1818-96). Dan Iel Was A Native Of The Isle Of Arran, And Alexander Was Born In Irvine On Oct. 3, 1818. Daniel Was For Some ...
Macon
Macon, A Town Of East-central France, Capital Of The Depart Ment Of Saone-et-loire, 45 M. N. Of Lyons On The Paris-lyon Railway. Pop. (1931) 15,848. Macon (matisco) Was An Important Town Of The Aedui, But Under The Romans It Was Supplanted By Autun And Lyons. It Suffered At The Hands ...
Macon_2
Macon, A City Of Central Georgia, U.s.a., The County Seat Of Bibb County; On Federal Highways 41, 8o And 129, And At The Head Of Navigation On The Ocmulgee River. It Has A Municipal Airport, And Is Served By The Central Of Georgia, The Georgia, The Macon, Dublin And Savannah ...
Madagascar
Madagascar, An Island In The Indian Ocean, After Green Land, New Guinea, And Borneo, The Largest Island In The World, About 400 Km. Distant, On An Average, From The South-east Coast Of Africa, From Which It Is Separated By The Mozambique Channel. Since 1896 Madagascar Has Been A French Colony. ...
Madder Or Dyers Madder
Madder Or Dyers' Madder, The Root Of Rubia Tinctorum And Perhaps Also Of R. Peregrina, Both European, R. Cordtfolia, A Native Of The Hilly Districts Of India And Of North-east Asia And Java, Supplying The Indian Madder Or Manjit. Rubia Is A Genus Of About 15 Species Of The Tribe ...
Madeira Wine
Madeira Wine. The Portuguese Introduced Viticulture Into The Island Of Madeira In The Early Part Of The Fifteenth Cen Tury, But All The Wine Which Was Made In The Island From That Early Date Until The Latter Part Of The Seventeenth Century Was Merely For Local Consumption, None Being Exported ...
Madeira Or The Madeiras
Madeira Or The Madeiras, A Group Of Islands In The North Atlantic Ocean, Which Belong To Portugal, And Consist Of Two Inhabited Islands Named Madeira And Porto Santo And Two Groups Of Uninhabited Rocks Named The Desertas And Selvagens. Pop. (pp I) 169,783; (1930) 211,601 ; Area, 314 Sq.m. Funchal, ...
Madison
Madison, The Capital City Of Wisconsin, U.s.a., The Seat Of The State University, And The County Seat Of Dane County; In The "four-lake Region" Midway Between Lake Michigan And The Mississippi River, In The Southern Part Of The State. It Is On Federal Highways 12, 18, 51 And 151; And ...
Madiun
Madiun, A Residency Of East Java, Dutch East Indies (dutch, Madioen). It Is Bounded On The North By Surabaya And Semarang, East By Kediri, West By Surakarta, And South By The Indian Ocean; Area 5,884 Sq. Kilometres; Pop. 1,909,801 Europeans And Eurasians). It Consists Of Very Fertile Plains In The ...
Madras
Madras, The Capital Of Madras Presidency, And The Chief Seaport On The Eastern Coast Of India And Third City Of India, Is Sit Uated In 4' N. And 8o° 17' E. The City, With Its Suburbs, Ex Tends Nine Miles Along The Sea And Nearly Four Miles Inland, Inter Sected ...
Madras
Madras. A Presidency Of British India—officially Styled Fort St. George—occupying, With Its Dependencies, The Entire South Of The Indian Peninsula. The North Boundary Is Extremely Irregular. On The Extreme North-east Is The Bengal Province Of Orissa ; Then The Wild Highlands Of The Central Provinces ; Next Hyderabad ; And, ...
Madrid
Madrid, The Capital Of Spain And Of The Province Of Madrid, On The Left Bank Of The River Manzanares, A Right-hand Tributary Of The Jarama, Which Flows South Into The Tagus. Pop. (1877), 397,816; (1900), 539,835; (193o), 952,832. The Earliest Authentic Historical Mention Of The Town (majrit, Majoritum) Occurs In ...
Madrigal
Madrigal. As A Definite Musical Art-form, The Madrigal Was Known By The Middle Of The 15th Century (see Arcadelt). It Developed On The Same Lines As The Motet (q.v.) Some Early Ex Amples Even Combining An Ecclesiastical Canto Fermo In The Tenor With Secular Counterpoint In The Other Parts. Thus ...
Madura
Madura, An Island And Residency Of The D.e. Indies (dutch Madoera), Lying Off The North-east Coast Of Java, From Which It Is Separated By A Shallow Strait Less Than 1 Miles. It Is Over Noo Miles Long And 24 Miles Wide And Has An Area Of 5,473 Sq.km. Pop. 5,953,669 ...
Madura_2
Madura, A City And District Of British India, In The Madras Presidency. The City Is Situated On The Right Bank Of The River Vaigai, And Has A Station On The South Indian Railway 345 M. S.e. Of Madras. Pop. (1931), 182,018. There Is A Gov Ernment Industrial School. Muslin Weaving ...
Mafia
Mafia. A Word Of Uncertain Origin, Used To Designate A Spe Cific Form Of Criminality Which Arose On The Great Landed Estates (latifundia) Of Sicily As A Result Of Bad Government During A Long Period Of The Island's History, And More Especially During The Disorders Consequent On The Napoleonic Invasion ...
Magadis
Magadis, An Ancient Greek Instrument Believed To Have Been Of The Dulcimer Type And Provided With Bridges So Disposed As To Facilitate The Playing Of Octaves, Whence The Term Magadiz Ing For The Making Of This Music, I.e., In Octaves. See Harmony. Magallanes (spanish Form Of Magellan), A Territory Of ...
Magdeburg
Magdeburg, A City Of Germany, Capital Of The Prussian Province Of Saxony. It Lies Mainly On The Left Bank Of The Elbe, 88 M. S.w. From Berlin And At The Junction Of Main Lines To Leipzig, Brunswick, Cassel And Hamburg. Pop. 306,446. Weg And The Old Market Contain Gable-ended Private ...
Magenta
Magenta, A Town Of Lombardy, Italy, Province Of Milan, 16 M. W. Of It By Rail, 364 Ft. Above Sea-level, In The Midst Of Rice Fields. Pop. (1931), 12,639. It Manufactures Silks And Matches. Magenta Was The Scene Of A Battle On June 4, 1859, Between The Franco-sardinians Under Napoleon ...
Magic
Magic. The Magic Art Is Of Ancient Lineage And Wide Distri Bution. Civilization Even Yet Is Not Entirely Devoid Of All Elements Of Magical Belief And Ritual. But For The Savage Magic Is Still A Living Reality, A Serious Practical Means Of Commanding Success In Any Critical Human Undertaking. The ...
Magic Square
Magic Square, An Arrangement Of Numbers In The Form Of A Square So That Every Column, Every Row, And Each Of The Two Diagonals, Add Up Alike, This Sum Being Called The Constant. Strictly Speaking The Numbers Used Should Be Consecutive From I Up To Where N Is The Number ...
Magna Carta
Magna Carta Was Issued By King John In June 1215, Under Compulsion From His Barons. From The Time Of Its Issue It Became A Symbol To Barons And People Alike, And King After King, Throughout The Middle Ages, Was Expected To Confirm It. Its Clauses Were Regarded With Veneration Long ...
Magna Graecia
Magna Graecia, The Name Given (first, Apparently,in The 6th Century B.c.) To The Group Of Greek Cities 'exx6.$), Along The Coast Of The "toe" Of South Italy (or More Strictly Those Only From Tarentum To Locri, Along The East Coast), While The People Were Called Italiotes ('itaxtforal). The Interior Continued ...
Magnesium
Magnesium, A Metallic Chemical Element Of Silvery White Appearance, Which Is Familiar In The Form Of Ribbon (symbol Mg, Atomic Number 12, Atomic Weight 24.32, Isotopes 24, 25, 26). The Sulphate Or Epsom Salts Was Isolated In 1695 By N. Grew, While In 1707 M. B. Valentin Prepared Magnesia Alba ...
Magnetic Analysis
Magnetic Analysis, Broadly, The Art Of Determining The Constitutional And Structural State Of Ferromagnetic Materials Through Study Of The Co-existing Magnetic Characteristics. In The United States The Use Of The Term Is Restricted To Denote The Pro Cess Of Interpreting The Magnetic Characteristics Of Ferrous Or Other Magnetic Materials In ...
Magnetic Measurements
Magnetic Measurements One Of The Simplest Pieces Of Apparatus Used For Magnetic Measurements Is The Magnetometer (q.v.), Which Consists Of A Small Magnetic Needle (single Or Composite) Pivoted, Or Suspended Usually In Such A Way That The Torsional Control Of The Suspension Is Small. There Are Many Forms Of The ...
Magnetism
Magnetism. This Article, Which Deals Mainly With The Magnetic Properties Of Materials, Is Divided Into The Following Sections : History ; Fundamental Phenomena And Concepts ; Magnetic Measurements ; Diamagnetism ; Paramagnetism ; Ferromagnetism; Susceptibilities Of The Elements; Magnetic Deflection Of Atomic Rays; Magnetism And The Structure Of Matter. An ...
Magnetism And The Structure
Magnetism And The Structure Of Matter From The Investigation Of The Magnetic Properties Of Or Dinary Matter, Solid, Liquid Or Gaseous, Conclusions Can Be Drawn As To The Magnetic Properties Of The Constituent Atoms And Molecules. It Becomes Of Interest To Consider The Relation Between The Magnetic Properties Of Atoms ...
Magnetograph
Magnetograph, An Instrument For Continuously Re Cording The Magnetic Elements, Usually Declination (d), Hori Zontal Force (h) And Vertical Force (v), But Sometimes Two Rec Tangular Force Components In Place Of D And H. (see Terrestrial Magnetism.) In Each Case Variations Only Are Recorded, The Absolute Values Being Determined By ...
Magnetometer
Magnetometer, In Its Most General Sense An Instru Ment Used To Measure The Intensity Of Any Magnetic Field, But Often Used In The Restricted Sense Adopted In This Article Of An Instrument For Measuring The Horizontal Component, H, Of The Earth's Magnetic Field. The Earth's Magnetic Elements Which Are Usually ...
Magnolia
Magnolia, The Typical Genus Of The Botanical Family Mag Noliaceae, Named After Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), Professor Of Medicine And Botany At Montpellier. It Contains About 21 Species, Distributed In Japan, China And The Himalayas, As Well As In North America. Magnolias Are Trees Or Shrubs With Deciduous Or Rarely Evergreen ...
Mago
Mago, The Name Of Several Carthaginians. (i) The Reputed Founder Of The Military Power Of Carthage, Fl. 550-500 B.c. (justin Xviii. 7, Xix. I). (2) The Youngest Of The Three Sons Of Hamilcar Barca. He Accompanied Hannibal Into Italy, And Held Important Commands In The Great Victories Of The First ...
Magpie Or Pie
Magpie Or Pie, A Bird Once Abundant Throughout Great Britain, But Now Much Scarcer, Though Since The World War Its Numbers Have Increased. It Did Not Reach Ireland Until The 17th Century, But Is Now Common Enough In That Country. This Species Is Extending Its Range Where Not Molested. In ...
Magwe
Magwe, A District And Di Vision Of Burma. In 1921 The Division Included The District Of Thayetmyo, Minbu, Magwe, Pakokku And Pakokku Hill Tract ; To These The Chin Hills Have Been Added. The District Has An Area Of 3,724 Sqjn.; Pop. (1931) 499,573. Magwe May Be Divided Into Two ...
Mahanadi
Mahanadi ("the Great River"), River, India. It Rises In 2o° 1o' N., 82° E., 25 M. S. Of Raipur Town, In The Wild Mountains Of Bastar In The Central Provinces. At First An Insig Nificant Stream, Taking A Northerly Direction, It Drains The Eastern Portion Of The Chhattisgarh Plain, Then ...
Mahayana
Mahayana, The Name Of A Development In The Later Schools Of Buddhism, Which Taught Special Doctrines About The Buddhas And New Metaphysical Theories. It Originated Between The Age Of Asoka And The Christian Era, But Nothing Of Its Rise Or Its Authors Is Certainly Known, As This Period Is One ...
Mahdia
Mahdia (also Spelt Mehdia, Mehedia, Etc.), A Port Of Tunisia, On The Coast Between The Gulfs Of Hammamet And Gabes, 47 M. By Rail S.s.e. Of Susa. Pop. 7,888, Of Whom 490 Are Europeans. Mandia Is Built On A Rocky Peninsula Which Projects Eastward About A Mile Beyond The Normal ...
Mahmud Ii 1785 1839
Mahmud Ii. (1785-1839), Sultan Of Turkey, Was The Son Of Abu-ul-hamid I., And Succeeded His Brother, Mustafa Iv., In 1808. He Had Shared The Captivity Of His Ill-fated Cousin, The Ex-sultan, Selim Iii., Whose Efforts At Reform Had Ended In His Deposition By The Janissaries. The Reforming Efforts Of The ...
Mahmud Of Ghazni 971 1030
Mahmud' Of Ghazni (971-1030), Son Of Sabuktagin, Afghan Conqueror, Was Born On Oct. 2, 971. His Fame Rests On 'the Name Is Strictly Mal:mild. His Repeated Invasions Of India. His Military Capacity, Inherited From His Father, Nasir-ud-din Sabuktagin, Was Strengthened By Youthful Experience In The Field. Sabuktagin, A Turki Slave ...