ADRIEN MAURICE (1678-1766), the third duke, served in the wars of Louis XV. in Italy and Germany, and became a marshal in 1734. In the war of the Austrian succession he was beaten by the English at the battle of Dettingen in 1743. He married Francoise d'Aubigne, a niece of Madame de Maintenon, and two of his sons became marshals of France. The elder, Louis (1713 '793), who bore the title of duc d'Ayen till his father's death in 1766, when he became duc de Noailles, served in most of the wars of the 18th century, and was made a marshal in 1775. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution and died in Aug. 1793, before the Terror reached its height. On the 4th Thermidor (July 22) the aged duchesse de Noailles was executed with her daughter-in-law, the duchesse d'Ayen, and her granddaughter, the vicomtesse de Noailles. JEAN PAUL FRAN cOIS (1739-1824), the fifth duke, was in the army, but his tastes were scientific, and for his eminence as a chemist he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1777. He became duc d'Ayen in 1766 on his grandfather's
death, and duc de Noailles on his father's in 1793. He lived in Switzerland from 1792 until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France.
One other branch of the family deserves notice. PHILIPPE comte de Noailles, afterwards duc de Mouchy, a younger brother of the fourth duke, served at Minden and in other campaigns, and was made a marshal on the same day as his brother. He was long in great favour at court, and his wife was first lady of honour to Marie Antoinette, and was nicknamed by her Madame Etiquette. This court favour brought down punish ment in the days of the Revolution, and the old marshal and his wife were guillotined on June 27,