NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF. The ist earl of Norfolk was RALPH DE GUADER, a follower of William the Con queror, who forfeited the earldom when he revolted against William in 1o75; the 2nd was HUGH BIGOD (d. 1177), one of Stephen's supporters, to whom the earldom was granted by this king before I141. Hugh's grandson, HUGH (d. 1225), the 3rd earl of this line, married Matilda, daughter of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, and from the Marshals their son ROGER (d. 1270), the 4th earl, inherited the office of marshal of England. This powerful family of Bieod retained the PA rldnm until Rnr.e the 5th earl, died childless in Dec. 1306.
The next earl of Norfolk was THOMAS OF BROTHERTON (1300 1338), a younger son of Edward I., to whom the earldom was granted in 1312 by his half-brother, Edward II. In addition to the estates which had formerly belonged to the Bigods Thomas received the office of marshal. He joined Queen Isabella when she landed in England in 1326, and was one of the group of nobles who brought about the deposition of Edward II. He
died in August 1338, leaving no son. The survivor of his two daughters, Margaret (c. 1320-1400), who was countess of Norfolk in her own right, married John de Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave (d. 1353), and their only child Elizabeth (d. c. 1375) became the wife of John de Mowbray, 4th Lord Mowbray (d. 1368), and the mother of two sons John and Thomas. In 1397 the countess Margaret was created duchess of Norfolk, and at the same time her grandson Thomas Mowbray was made duke of Norfolk.
On the death of John Mowbray, 4th duke of this creation, in 1476 the dukedom became extinct, but the earldom passed to his daughter Anne, wife of the young Richard, duke of York, who was murdered in the Tower with whom the earldom became extinct.
The dukedom was given in 1483 to John Howard whose mother, Margaret Mowbray, was a daughter of Thomas Mowbray the 1st duke. The dukedom has remained in the Howard line until the present day. (See HOWARD.)