OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513), was second son of John, the 12th earl, a prominent Lancastrian, who, with his eldest son Aubrey de Vere, was executed in Febru ary 1462. John de Vere the younger was himself attainted, but two years later was restored as 13th earl. But his loyalty was suspected, and for a short time in 1468 he was in the Tower. He sided with Warwick, the king-maker, in 1469, accompanied him in his exile next year, and assisted in the Lancastrian restoration of 1470-1471. As constable he tried John Tiptoft, earl of Wor cester, who had condemned his father nine years before. At the battle of Barnet, Oxford was victorious in command of the Lan castrian right, but was ultimately defeated and escaped to France. In 1473 he organized a Lancastrian expedition, which, after an attempted landing in Essex, seized St. Michael's Mount in Corn wall. After a four months' siege Oxford was forced to surrender in Feb. 1474. He was sent to Hammes near Calais, whence, ten
years later, in Aug. 1484, he escaped and joined Henry Tudor in Brittany. He fought for Henry at Bosworth, and was rewarded by restoration to his title, estates and hereditary office of Lord Chamberlain, At Stoke on June 16, 1486, he led the van of the royal army. In 1492 he commanded the expedition to Flanders, and in 1497 was foremost in the defeat of the Cornish rebels on Blackheath. Oxford was high steward at the trial of the earl of Warwick, and one of the commissioners for the trial of Sir James Tyrell and others in May 1502. He died March ro, 1513.
See The Paston Letters, ed. J. Gairdner ; Chronicles of London, C. L. Kingsford (19o5) ; Sir James Ramsay, Lancaster and York; and The Political History of England, vols. iv and v. (1906) .