MUSK-DEER (Moschus moschiferus), an aberrant deer, presenting many peculiar characteristics (see DEER). There are no antlers, but in lieu of such weapons the upper canine teeth of the male form projecting tusks. About coin. high at the shoulder, the musk-deer possesses long limbs, and there is a great develop ment of the lateral pair of hoofs. The ears are large and the tail rudimentary. The greyish-brown hair is long, coarse, and brittle.
This animal inhabits the forests of the Himalayas as far west as Gilgit, always at great elevations and preferring thickets of birch, juniper, and rhododendrons. It extends into Tibet, Siberia, and north-western China. In habits the musk-deer is solitary, shy, and nocturnal, but very active; it feeds on moss, grass, and leaves.
The deer takes its name from the secretion of a sac, about the size of an orange, beneath the skin of the abdomen, opening in front of the preputial aperture. This contains a dark brown sub stance of the consistency of "moist gingerbread." It is only present in the male (see MUSK). There is an allied species (M.
sifanicus) inhabiting Kansu, distinguished by its longer, black ears. MUSKEGON (mils-ke'gon), a city of western Michigan.
U.S.A., on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Muskegon river, which expands here into a lake (5 m. long by 1.5 m. wide) ; a port of entry and the county seat of Muskegon county. It is on Federal highway 31, and is served by the Grand Trunk, the Pennsylvania, the Pere Marquette and electric railways, and lake steamers. The population was 36,57o in 1920 (815 native white). By the cen sus of 193o the population had increased in that year to 41,390, a growth of 4,82o, or '3.25- in the decade. Muskegon Heights, also a city with an industrial population, had at the same date 15,584 and North Muskegon, 1,370. Muskegon has a fine land
locked harbour, with traffic amounting to 389,132 tons in 1925, valued at $26,930,550. It is the centre of a summer-resort region; the metropolis of a fine dairying, farming and fruit-growing dis trict ; and above all a modern industrial city, with over 200 manu facturing establishments, employing 16,00o workers, and produc ing an annual output valued at $8o,000,000. Among the leading products are automobile motors and castings, phonographs, bowl ing and billiard equipment, window-shade rollers, piston rings and laboratory-table equipment. The city's public parks cover 1,500 ac. and include 7 m. of lake front. The public schools have an endowment of $3,000,000, given by Charles H. Hackley (1837— 1905), a lumber king, and his wife. The assessed valuation of property for 1927 was $62,220,631. Bank clearings for 1927 ag gregated $60,154,697. The city operates under a commission manager form of government. A trading post was established here in 1812, and permanent settlement began in 1834. The first saw mill was built in 1837. The town was laid out in 1849, was in corporated as a village in 1861, and chartered as a city in 1869. In 1870 the population was 6,002. The lumber industry reached its peak in 1887, with a cut of 700,000,000 bd.f t., and the population at that time was about 24,000. With the depletion of the forests, the population dwindled. The renewed prosperity began about 190o. The name Muskegon is probably derived from a Chippewa word meaning "grassy bog."