NOVELLO, VINCENT (1781-1861), English musician, son of an Italian who married an English wife, was born in Lon don on Sept. 6, 1781. He was a chorister at the Sardinian chapel in Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, where he learnt the organ; and from 1796 to 1822 he was successively organist of the Sar dinian, Spanish (in Manchester Square) and Portuguese (in South Street, Grosvenor Square) chapels, and from 1840 to 1843 of St. Mary's chapel, Moorfields. He was an original member of the Philharmonic Society, of the Classical Harmonists and of the Choral Harmonists, officiating frequently as conductor. In 1849 he went to live at Nice, where he died on Aug. 9, 1861. He corn posed an immense quantity of sacred music, much of which is still deservedly popular; but his great work lay in the introduction to England of unknown compositions by the great masters. The Masses of Haydn and Mozart were absolutely unknown in Eng land until he edited them, as were also the works of Palestrina, the treasures of the Fitzwilliam Museum, and innumerable great compositions now well known to everyone. His first work, a col lection of Sacred Music, as performed at the Royal Portuguese Chapel, which appeared in 1811, marks the founding of the pub lishing house of Novello.
His son, JOSEPH ALFRED NOVELLO (1810-1896), who had started as a bass singer, became a regular music publisher in 1829. He
really created the business, and has the credit of introducing cheap music, and departing from the method of publishing by subscrip tion. From 1841 Henry Littleton assisted him, becoming a partner in 1861, when the firm became Novella & Co., and, on J. A. Novello's retirement in 1866, sole proprietor. Having incorporated the firm of Ewer & Co. in 1867, the title was changed to Novella, Ewer & Co., and still later back to Novello & Co., and on Henry Littleton's death in 1888, his two sons carried on the business. NOVEMBER, the ninth month of the old Roman year [Lat. novem, nine', which began with March. By the Julian arrange ment, according to which the year began with Jan. 1, November became the eleventh month and had 3o days assigned to it. Nov. II was held to mark the beginning of winter; it is now the day of solemn commemoration of the end of the World War. The Senate desired to rename the month in honour of Tiberius—his birthday occurring on the 16th, but the emperor declined, saying, "What will you do, Conscript Fathers, if you have thirteen Caesars?" The Anglo-Saxon names for November were Wind monath, "wind month" and Blodmonath "bloodmonth."