ORLANDO, VITTORIO EMANUELE ), Italian politician and jurist, was born at Palermo on May 19, 1860. Becoming a barrister and a law professor, he was first elected deputy for Partinico in Sicily in 1897. He was minister of education in the Giolitti-Tittoni Cabinet of 1903-05, and of justice in the Giolitti Cabinet of 19o7–o9, and again under Salandra in November 1914. Although a Giolittian at heart, he was in favour of Italian intervention in the World War. On the resignation of the Salandra Cabinet in June 1916 he remained in office under Boselli as minister of the interior, and when the latter resigned Orlando was entrusted with the formation of a new Cabinet. After the Armistice he went to Paris as president of the Italian peace delegation. When President Wilson launched his appeal on Fiume to the Italian people over the heads of their delegates, he returned to Rome, where he was triumphantly re ceived, but after his return to Paris without the guarantees he was supposed to have secured, and without obtaining any satisfactory solution of the Adriatic problem, the chamber voted against him and he resigned on June 19, 1919.
On Dec. 2, 1919, he was elected president of the chamber. He at first supported Fascism and the Mussolini government, and was re-elected deputy in 1924 on the government list; but after the Matteotti affair he withdrew his support, without, however, abandoning the chamber. At the municipal elections of Palermo in August 1925 he mobilised all his adherents in favour of the anti Fascist list but upon the subsequent triumph of the Fascists Orlando retired from Parliament.