PINCHOT, GIFFORD ), American forester and public official, was born at Simbury, Conn., on Aug. 11, 1865. He graduated at Yale in 1889 and afterwards studied at the Ecole Nationale Forestiere, Nancy, France, and for briefer periods in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Upon his return he began the first systematic forestry work in the United States, in the Vanderbilt forest at Biltmore, N.C. In 1896 he was made a member of the National Forest Commission that worked out the plan of U.S. forest reserves, and in 1897 he became confidential forest agent to the secretary of the Interior, to examine and report upon the reserves. In 1898 he was appointed chief of the division, later the bureau of forestry in the Department of Agri culture, which office he held until 1910. During the period of his administration, the entire forest system and administrative machinery of the bureau was built up, and Pinchot's enthusiasm and publicity work did much for the conservation movement in general. He also served as a member of the committee on public lands, 1903, and the Inland Waterways Commission, 1907. In
1908 he became chairman of the National Conservation Com mission, and in 1910 president of the National Conservation Association. He founded the Yale School of Forestry at New Haven, as well as the Yale Summer School of Forestry at Mil ford, Pa., and in 1903 became professor of forestry at Yale.
He was appointed State forester of Pennsylvania in 1920 and began a systematic administration of the large and important forest areas of that State. From 1923 to 1927 he was governor of Pennsylvania, and while in that office forced a reorganization of the State Government and the establishment of a budget system. He was also able, in 1923, to settle an important anthra cite coal strike by arbitration.
Besides many articles in magazines, he has written The White Pine (1896) ; The Adirondack Spruce (1898); A Primer of Forestry (1899); The Fight for Conservation (1909) ; The Training of a Forester (1917).