PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT D'ORLEANS, COMTE DE (1838-1894), son of the duc d'Orleans, the eldest son of King Louis Philippe, was born on Aug. 24, 1838. His mother was the princess Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a Protestant. By the death of his father in 1842, the count, then four years of age, became heir-apparent to the French throne. On the deposition of Louis Philippe in 1848, the duchess took her sons, the comte de Paris and the duc de Chartres, first to Eisenach in Saxony, and then to Claremont. In 1861 he and his brother were attached to the staff of General McClellan, commanding the "Army of the Potomac." The count fought in the siege of Yorktown (April 1862), at Williamsburg (May 5) and at Gaines Mill ( June 27). When difficulties arose between France and the United States with regard to Mexico, the Orleans princes returned to Europe. On May 3o, 1864, the count married his cousin, the princess Marie Isabelle, daughter of the duc de Montpensier; and his son and heir, the duc d'Orleans, was born in 1869. He returned to France after the fall of Napoleon III. and lived quietly on his estates. He had been refused permission to serve in the Franco-Prussian War.
In August 1873, at an important political conference at Frohs dorf, a fusion was effected, by which the comte de Paris agreed to waive his claims to the throne in favour of those of the comte de Chambord. By the death of the latter in 1883 the count became undisputed head of the house of Bourbon ; but he did not push his claims. The popularity of the Orleans family, however, was shown on the occasion of the marriage of the comte de Paris's eld est daughter with the duke of Braganza, son of the king of Portu gal, in May 1886. This led to a new law of expulsion, by which direct claimants to the French throne and their heirs were banished from France (June 11, 1886). The comte de Paris again retired to England, and devoted his leisure to study. In addition to his work Les Associations ouvrieres en Angleterre (1869, and Eng. trs.), the count edited the letters of his father, and published at intervals Histoire de la guerre civile en Amerique (8 vols.). In his later years the count compromised the Royalist party by his relations with General Boulanger. He died on Sept. 8,