PAUSANIAS (5th century B.c.), Spartan regent and commander, of the Agiad family, son of Cleombrotus. He suc ceeded his father as regent for Pleistarchus, the son of Leonidas, in 479 B.C. He first distinguished himself as commander of the combined Greek forces in the victory of the Plataea (q.v.). In 478 he was ap pointed admiral of the Greek fleet, and suc ceeded in reducing the greater part of Cy prus, the strategic key of the Levant, and in capturing Byzantium from the Persians, thus securing the command of the Bos porus. But he entered into treacherous negotiations with the Persian king, and alienated the Greek forces by adopting or iental clothes, and the haughtiness and in accessibility of a Persian commander. Pausanias was recalled by the ephors and, though acquitted on the charge of Medism, was not again sent out officially. He re turned, however, and seized Hermione and Sestos, but was dislodged by the Athenians. For some time he
lived at Cleonae in the Troad, carrying on negotiations with Xerxes, but was again recalled to Sparta, where he incited the helots to revolt. When his schemes were almost matured, the evidence of a confidential slave led to the discovery of his plot by the ephors. He fled to the sanctuary of Athena Chalcioecus on the Spartan Acropolis; there he was starved to death. The date is probably 471-470 B.C.
See Herodotus v. 32, ix. io-88; Thucydides 1. 94-96, 128-134, ii. 71, 72, iii. 58 ; Diodorus Siculus xi. 54 ; Cornelius Nepos, Pausanias; Justin ii. 15, ix. I, 3; Pausanias iii. 4, 14, 17 ; Polyaenus viii. 51; Aris todemus ii., iv., vi.—viii.; Athenaeus xii. 535E, 536A; Plutarch, Cimon 6, Themistocles 23, Aristides 11-20, 23. (M. N. T.)