16. Firmness (Fermete), median, on the sagittal suture from behind the bregma to the front of the obelion.
17. Hope, not regarded as primary by Gall, who believed hope to be akin to desire and a function of every faculty which desires and left this territory unallocated.
18. Wonder, said to be large in vision-seers and many psychic researchers. A second similar organ placed between this and the next is called Mysterizingness by Forster, and is said to be the seat of belief in ghosts and in the supernatural.
19. Ideality (Poesie), noted by Gall from its prominence in the busts of poets; said to be the part touched by the hand when composing poetry.
20. Wit (Esprit caustique), the frontal eminence.
Imitation (Faculte d'imiter), disposition to mimicry, placed between Benevolence and Wonder.
23. Form (Memoire des personnes), capacity of recognizing faces; gives a wide interval between the eyes.
24. Size, over the trochlea at the orbital edge.
25. Weight, outside the last on the orbital edge and, like it, over the frontal sinus.
26. Colour, also on the orbital edge external to the last.
27. Locality (Sens de localite), placed above Individuality on each side, and corresponding to the upper part of the frontal sinus and to the region immediately above it.
28. Number, on the external angular process of the frontal bone.
29. Order, internal to the last.
3o. Eventuality (Memoire des choses), the median projection above the glabella.
31. Time, below the frontal eminence and a little in front of the temporal crest.
32. Tune (Sens des rapports des tons), on the foremost part of the temporal muscle.
33. Language (Sens des mots), behind the eye.
35. Causality (Esprit metaphysique), the eminence on each side of Comparison.
Anatomical and Physiological Considerations.-The teaching of anatomy with regard to phrenology may be summar ized thus : (I) the rate of growth of brain is concurrent with the rate of development of mental faculty; (2) there is some degree of structural differentiation as there are varying rates of develop ment of different parts of the cerebral surface; (3) there is no accordance between the regions of Gall and Spurzheim and defi nite areas of cerebral surface.
That the brain is the organ of the mind is now universally received. While it is probable that certain molecular changes in the grey matter are antecedents or concomitants of mental phe nomena, the precise nature of these processes, to what extent they take place, or how they vary among themselves have not as yet been determined experimentally; the occurrence of the change can only be demonstrated by some such coarse method as the altered pulsation of the carotid arteries, the increase of the tem perature of the head, the abstraction, during brain-action, of blood from other organs as shown by the plethysmograph, or the forma tion of lecithin and other products of metabolism in brain-sub stance.
So little is known of the physical changes which underlie psychi cal phenomena, or indeed of the succession of the psychical proc esses themselves, that we cannot as yet judge as to the nature of the mechanism of these centres. So much of the psychic work of the individual life consists in the interpretation of sensations and the translation of these into motions that there are strong a priori grounds for expecting to find that much of the material of the nerve-centres is occupied with this kind of work, but in the present conflict of experimental evidence it is safer to suspend judgment. That these local areas are not centres in the sense of being indispensable parts of their respective motor apparatus is clear, as the function abolished by ablation of a part returns, though tardily, so that whatever superintendence the removed region exercised apparently becomes assumed by another part of the brain. Experimental physiology and pathology, by suggesting other functions for parts of the brain-surface, are thus subversive of many details of the phrenology of Gall and Spurzheim.