(R. A. S. M.) In 1918 the military governor of Jerusalem, in order to preserve the antiquities of the district, issued and enforced certain public orders; and, to organize public opinion, established the Pro Jerusalem Society, an international and non-sectarian body, in which all communities and most learned societies participated through their leading members. The society encouraged arts and crafts, employed a qualified architect and town planner to protect the amenities of the old and advise on the development of the new city, and collected in subscriptions some LE.I5,000. It was dissolved in 1926, having distributed most of its duties and activ ities between the Department of Antiquities and the municipality of Jerusalem. The former was established in 192o; 2,86o histor ical sites have been registered by it and are being inspected, and in 1927 the Rockefeller Foundation granted to Palestine $1,000,000 for the erection and endowment of an archaeological museum. (R. STO.) BIBLIOGRAPHY.—P. Thomsen, Systemat. Bibliog. f. Paliistina Litera tar., vol. i., 1895-1904 (Leipzig, 1908) ; R. Rohricht, Bibliotheca geographiea Palaestinae (189o).
Topography.—E. Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine (184a) and Later Researches in Palestine (1865) ; H. B. Tristram, Land of Israel (1865) ; The Palestine Exploration Fund Map and companion volumes; C. Baedeker, Guide Book (1906) is most useful to the average reader. G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land;
V. Guerin, Description geographique, historique et archeologique de la Palestine (1868-8o).
Antiquities.—Much material is available in the Quarterly Statement and other publications of the Palestine Exploration Fund (from 1869), Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins (from 1878) , Revue Biblique (from 1892), Revue de l'Orient Latin (from 1893), Mitteil ungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft (from 1897) and Receuil d'archeologie orientale (Clermont-Ganneau, from 1885). The explora tion of sites has given rise to much literature ; cf. W . M. F. Petrie, Tell-el-Hesy (1891), F. J. Bliss, A Mound of Many Cities (1894) and F. J. Bliss and R. A. S. Macalister, Excavations in Palestine 1898-1900 (1902). The bearing of recent archaeological discovery on the authenticity of Hebrew record is discussed by H. Vincent, Canaan d'apres l'exploration recente (19°7); S. R. Driver, Modern Research as Illustrating the Bible (19o9), and many others.
Early pilgrims and geographers.—P. Geyer, Itinera hierosolymitana saec. iv.–viii. (1898) and in the publications of the Societe de l'Orient Latin and of the Palestine Pilgrims Text Society.
Natural History.—H. B. Tristram, Natural History of the Bible (1867) is still useful; G. E. Post, Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai; A. A. Temple, Flowers and Trees of Palestine (193o).