Platinum Metals
Platinum Metals Prior To The World War Russia Was Not Only The Leading Pro Ducer Of Platinum Metals, But Was Also Almost The Only Producer. Colombia Was A Very Poor Second, And Other Countries Hardly En Tered The Picture. During The War Russian Output Decreased, While The Colombian Increased, And ...
Pontius Pilate
Pilate, Pontius, Of Equestrian Rank, Was Roman Gover Nor Of Judaea From A.d. 26 To A.d. 36, When He Was Recalled. He Kept The Roman Peace In Palestine, But With Little Understanding Of The People (josephus, Ant. Xviii., 1, 2; Iv. I, 2; Jewish War, Ii., Ix., 2-4, Philo Ad ...
Positivism And Evolutionism
Positivism And Evolutionism Comte (1798-1857) Was The Founder Of "positivism," That Is, The View That Knowledge Is Limited To The Objects Of Direct Observation Or Experience. This View Is Very Like The Empiricism Of Locke And His Successors. Comte's Positivism, However, Was The Outcome Rather Of The Influence Of Kant's ...
Post Impressionism
Post-impressionism.) Fauvism.—the First Definite Revolt Against Impressionism Was Made In 1906 When A Number Of Artists, Who Were Tired Of The Pre Vailing Influence, Revolted Against Discipline Of Any Sort. They Were Called, Once Again In Derision, Les Fauves. There Was No Special Technique Which Distinguished The Movement. They Re ...
Proceedings Against The State
Proceedings Against The State In The United States The Rule That The Sovereign Was Immune From Suit At The Hands Of The Private Citizen Is An Accepted Principle Of American Law. Both The Federal Government And The States, Whose Sovereignty Had Not Been Surrendered To The National Government, Were Clothed ...
Progress In European Countries
Progress In European Countries Belgium.—belgium, Being A Near Neighbour Of France, Has Naturally Been Susceptible To The Influence Of The Various Move Ments In Paris. There Was The Definite Influence Of Impressionism On Such Painters As Emile Claus, A. J. Heymans And, To Some Extent, James Ensor, But, As In ...
Progress Of Pictorial Movement
Progress Of Pictorial Movement Great Britain.—in 1909 Internal Dissensions Brought About The Disruption Of "the Linked Ring" And The Exhibition Of That Year Was The Last Of The Original Salon. A Few Of The Members Formed Themselves Into A Secession Which Held A Small But Notable Exhibition In 1910 Which, ...
Publius Helvius Ad Pertinax
Pertinax, Publius Helvius (a.d. Ro Man Emperor, The Son Of A Charcoal-burner, Was Born At Alba Pompeia In Liguria. From Being A Teacher Of Grammar He Rose Through Many Important Offices, Both Civil And Military, To The Consulate, Which He Held Twice. Chosen, At An Advanced Age And Against His ...
Punctuation Accents
Accents, Punctuation, Division Of Words In The Book-hand Of Early Papyri Neither Accents Nor Breath Ings Were Employed. Their Use Was Established By The Beginning Of The Roman Period, But Was Sporadic In Papyri, Where They Were Used As An Aid To Understanding, And Therefore More Frequently In Poetry Than ...
Quaternary Plants
Quaternary Plants The Latest Chapters In The History Of Our Planet Belong To The Quaternary Period, And To These Chapters Plants Contribute A Very Important Share. We Confine Our Attention To The Quaternary Of Europe, Because From It Comes Almost The Whole Of Our In Formation. The Most Important Feature ...
R A S M
(r. A. S. M.) In 1918 The Military Governor Of Jerusalem, In Order To Preserve The Antiquities Of The District, Issued And Enforced Certain Public Orders; And, To Organize Public Opinion, Established The Pro Jerusalem Society, An International And Non-sectarian Body, In Which All Communities And Most Learned Societies Participated ...
Rarer Elements
Rarer Elements Cobalt, Molybdenum, Tantalum And Columbium, Uranium And Radium, And Zirconium Are Included Here As Representatives Of The Group Of Rarer Elements, The Commercial Importance Of Which Is Less Than That Of The Metals Considered In The Previous Sections. Num, Or Ten Times The 1923 Figure; Although In The ...
Recent And Contemporary Philosophy
Recent And Contemporary Philosophy Neo-hegelianism.—until Comparatively Recently, British Phi Losophy Pursued Its Own Course In Almost Entire Independence Of Continental Philosophy. Its Most Characteristic Feature Was Its Initial Empiricism, Though It Ended Variously In Agnosticism, Scepticism Or Even In Idealism. Wheri The Widespread Influence Of Kant's Critical Philosophy Asserted Itself, ...
Refining
Refining The United States Petroleum Industry's Investment In Refineries Has Been Estimated At $3,700,000,000 In 1937. Petroleum Refineries Are Located In 32 States, But About 90% Of The Total Refining Capacity Of The Country Is Concentrated In Io States, With Texas In The Lead With 29.5%. The Seaboard Area Along ...
Reformation And Counter Reformation
Reformation And Counter-reformation The Healing Successor To This Scion Of The Medici Was Adrian Vi. (1522-1523)—a Man Who Saw His Noblest Task, Not In An Artistic Maecenate, Nor In The Prosecution Of Political Designs, But In The Reform Of The Church In All Its Members. Careless Of The Glories Of ...
Restoration And Preserva Tion
Paintings, Restoration And Preserva Tion Of. It Would Be Extremely Difficult, If Not Impossible, To Determine At What Date The Restoration Of Painting Was First Under Taken. Ancient Restoration Does Not Reveal Any Technical Processes Of Much Interest ; No Real Progress Was Made In The Art Of Picture Restoring ...
Ricardo 1833 1919 Palma
Palma, Ricardo (1833-1919), Peruvian Man Of Letters, Was Born In Lima On Feb. 7, 1833. At The Age Of 20 He Joined The Navy, And In 1860 Was Forced By Political Exigencies To Flee To Chile, Where He Devoted Himself To Journalism. Six Years Later, He Returned To Lima, To ...
Richard De Clare Pembroke
Pembroke, Richard De Clare, 2nd Earl Of (d. 1176), Commonly Known As "strongbow," Son Of Gilbert De Clare, The First Earl, Succeeded To His Father's Estates In 1148, But Had Forfeited Or Lost Them By 1168. In That Year Dermot, King Of Leinster, Driven Out Of His Kingdom By Roderick, ...
Rise Of European Schools
Rise Of European Schools Florentine School.—in Italy Gothic Architecture Did Not Take Root, Or At Least Italy Adopted From It Only The Original Vault While Retaining All The Forms Of Roman Architecture And, In Particular, The Plain Walls. Thus It Was In Italy That, Thanks To This Favourable Circumstance And ...
Rivalry With Florence And
Rivalry With Florence And Genoa The Chief Authority Was Still Vested In The Nobles, Who, Both In Pisa And In Sardinia, Exercised Almost Sovereign Power. They Formed The Real Strength Of The Republic, And Kept It Faithful To The Empire And The Ghibelline Party. The Guelph And Popular Element Which ...
Robert Edwin Peary
Peary, Robert Edwin American Arctic Explorer, Was Born At Cresson, Pa., On May 6, 1856. In 1877 He Graduated At Bowdoin College. He Was Made A Lieutenant In The U.s. Navy In 1881, Acting As Civil Engineer And Was Assistant Engineer In The Nicaragua Ship Canal Surveys In 1884, Becoming ...
Rock Synthesis
Rock Synthesis The Methods Of Investigation Described Above May Be Grouped Together As Analytical, In Contradistinction To The Synthetic In Vestigation Of Rocks—which Proceeds By Experimental Work To Reproduce Different Rock Types And Thus To Elucidate Their Origin And Explain Their Structures. Though The Experiments Of De Saussure (174o-99) On ...
Royal Photographic Society
Royal Photographic Society The First Exhibition.—the Holding Of The First Recorded Ex Hibition Of Photographers At The Gallery Of The Society Of Arts In December Of That Year Gave An Additional Impetus And In January 1853 The Photographic Society Of London Came Into Being. Other Societies Quickly Followed And Photographers ...
Saint Paulinus
Paulinus, Saint, Of Nola Pontius Mero Pius Anicius Paulinus, Who Was Successively A Consul, A Monk And A Bishop, Was Born At Bordeaux In A.d. 353. His Father, Praefectus Praetorio In Gaul, Was A Man Of Great Wealth, Who Entrusted His Son's Education, With The Best Of Results, To Ausonius. ...
Samuel 1633 1703 Pepys
Pepys, Samuel (1633-1703), English Diarist, Was Born On Feb. 23, 1633, In A House In Salisbury Court, Close To St. Bride's Churchyard, Where His Father, John Pepys, Carried On The Business Of A Tailor. The Family Can Be Traced In Cambridge Shire As Far Back As The Reign Of Edward ...
Schopenhauer Pessimism
Schopenhauer ; Pessimism.) Fechner (1801-87) Developed The Philosophy Known As Pan Psychism, That Is, The View That The Universe Is A System Or So Ciety Of Souls, Of Which God Is The Highest And All-comprehensive Soul. According To Fechner Material Bodies Are Souls As They Appear To Other Souls, Whereas ...
Second Epistle Of Peter
Peter, Second Epistle Of. This Epistle Claims To Have Been Written By "simon (or Symeon) Peter, A Servant And Apostle Of Jesus Christ." The Author, After A Preliminary Ex Hortation, Declares His Desire To Testify Again To The Power Of Jesus. He Bases His Testimony Partly On His Own Experience ...
Seph
Seph (1856– ), French Soldier, Was Born On May 24, 1856 At Cauchy La Tour (pas De Calais). He Was Commissioned From St. Cyr 1878, Passed In Due Course Through The T Cole De Guerre, Filled Various Staff Appointments, Including That Of Instructor At The Ecole De Guerre, And Was ...
Significance Of Pain
Pain, Significance Of. In Health We Are Conscious Of Few Bodily Sensations Other Than A Sense Of Well-being, Of Physical And Mental Comfort And Accord With Our Surroundings, With The Addition, At Certain Times, Of Such Pleasant Attributes As A Glowing Skin Or A Ready Appetite. The Normal Interruptions To ...