PANGALOS, THEODORE (1878- ), Greek soldier and politician, was born in Salamis of Albanian origin, and in 1895 entered the Athenian Military Academy, whence he proceeded to complete his studies in Paris. During the World War he com manded a regiment in Macedonia, in 1917 he held a post in the Ministry of War, in 1918 commanded the first infantry division and in 1919 was chief of the General Staff during the campaign in Asia Minor. When the revolution of 1922 dethroned King Constantine for the second time, he was chairman of the commis sion of enquiry into the responsibilities for the Asiatic disaster, and was consequently concerned in the execution of the six Royalist ministers. In the first Republican cabinet of Papanas tasiou in 1924 he was successively minister of Law and Order (for the repression of brigandage) and War. On June 25, 1925, by a bloodless coup d'etat, he made himself premier, then forced the Chamber to accept him, prorogued and subsequently dissolved it, took two Royalists into his cabinet as a sign of "reconciliation," and, Jan. 3, 1926, became dictator. In April 1926 Gen. Pangalos was elected president of the Hellenic Republic in succession to Admiral Condouriotis. But on Aug. 22 General Kondyles made
a coup d'etat against him in his absence at Spetsai. He was arrested without resistance, and imprisoned in the Cretan fortress of Izzeddin and subsequently in Athens. He was released on July 10, 1928, and put himself up for Athens at the general election later in the year. He did not get in, and since then has played no prominent part in Greek politics. (W. M.) Pan-Germanism is the name given to an imperialist movement which, though it had long been gaining strength, received but little serious notice in Anglo-Saxon coun tries until the years immediately preceding the World War. Its importance may then have been exaggerated, yet there can be little doubt that it helped largely to popularize the belief that there had been at work in Germany forces bent upon ambitious schemes of territorial aggrandisement and political dominion.
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