Organized Health Work
Organized Health Work In The United States The Problem Of The Proper Or Desirable Division Of Public Health Authority Between Federal, State, And Local Agencies Is One As Yet Unsettled. By The Federal Constitu Tion, The State Is The Ultimate Authority And Each State Jealously Guards Its Autonomy In Matters ...
Other Frequency Distributions 25
Other Frequency-distributions 25. Genesis Of Normal Distributions.—the Normal Figure Of Frequency Has Been Obtained As The Limit Of The Frequency Polygon For Errors Of Random Sampling From Two Categories. But It Has Other Important Relations. (i.) If A Quantity Y Is Distributed According To The Normal Law About A Mean ...
Pathology Of Plants
Pathology Of Plants Plant Pathology (or Phytopathology) Is That Branch Of Bio Logical Science Which Treats Of The Diseases Of Plants. While There Can Be No Doubt That Diseases Of Plants, And In Particular Of Culti Vated Plants, Have Manifested Themselves From Time Immemorial, It Is Only Within Comparatively Recent ...
Paul Potter
Potter, Paul Dutch Animal Painter, Was Born At Enkhuizen, Holland. He Was Instructed In Art By His Father, Peter Potter, A Landscape And Figure Painter Of Some Merit, And By Nicolas Moeyaert, Of Amsterdam. Other Masters And Influences Are Mentioned By Various Writers, But More Than Any Other Of His ...
Perception Of Physical Things
Perception Of Physical Things The Problem.—the Second Of The General Problems Of Cog Nition Is To Account For The Growth Of Our Apprehension Of A World Of Physical Things And Of The Self In Relation To Which This World Is Described As "external." In This Development Three Distinct Levels Would ...
Petition
Petition And Trusts. (j. H.) Finance And Commerce.--a Pool On The Stock Exchange Would Work In Some Such Way As Follows, Although The Actual Details Naturally Vary : (1.) Its Members Would Consist Of The Holders Of A Certain Share, And While The Pool Organizers Would Not Attempt To Bring ...
Petrus Or Pierre De
Ramus, Petrus Or Pierre De La Ramee (i 1572), French Humanist, Was Born At The Village Of Cuth In Picardy In 1515, A Member Of A Noble But Impoverished Family; His Father Was A Charcoal-burner. Having Gained Admission, In A Menial Capacity, To The College Of Navarre, He Worked With ...
Phototropism
Phototropism The Fact That Plants Growing Near A Window Will Bend Their Shoots Towards The Light Is Familiar To Everyone. This Reaction Is Known As Phototropism, Which Means A Turning Towards Light; The Term Has Replaced Heliotropism, Which Means A Turning Towards The Sun, Since The Reaction Is Shown In ...
Physiology Of Plants
Physiology Of Plants The Physiology Of Plants Deals With The Functions Of The Living Plant As Morphology And Anatomy Deal With Form And Structure. Physiology Aims To Explain The Functions Of An Organism In Terms Of Physical And Chemical Processes. Physiology Thus Consid Ers The Living Organism Solely From The ...
Pierre 1622 1694 Puget
Puget, Pierre (1622-1694), French Painter, Sculptor, Architect And Engineer, Was Born At Marseille, On Oct. 31, 1622. He Travelled In Italy As A Young Man, And Was Employed By Pietro Di Cortona On The Ceilings Of The Barberini Palace. On His Return To Marseille In 1643, He Painted Portraits And ...
Pierre Cecile 1824 1898
Puvis De Chavannes, Pierre Cecile (1824 1898), French Painter, Was Born At Lyons On Dec. 14, His Father Was A Mining Engineer, The Descendant Of An Old Family Of Burgundy. Pierre Puvis Was Educated At The Lyons College And At The Lycee Henri Iv. In Paris, And Was Intended To ...
Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph French Socialist And Political Writer, Was Born On Jan. 15, 1809, At Besancon. He Came Of Poor Parents, And Was Mainly Self-edu Cated. At 19 He Became A Working Compositor; And Later, As A Proofreader, He Acquired A Competent Knowledge Of Theology And Hebrew, Which He Compared ...
Pierre Prudhon
Prud'hon, Pierre French Painter, Born At Cluny On April 4, 1758, Was The Thirteenth Child Of A Mason. The Monks Of The Abbey Undertook His Education, And By The Aid Of The Bishop Of Macon He Was Placed With Devosge, Director Of The Art School At Dijon. In 1778 Prud'hon ...
Plassey
Plassey (palasi), Village Of Bengal, Scene Of Clive's Vic Tory On June 23, 1757, Over The Forces Of The Nawab Suraj-ud Llowlah. Clive, With ',too European And 2,100 Native Troops, And To Field-pieces, Took The Field Against The Nawab, Who Had 50,000 Men, 53 Heavy Guns, And Some French Artillery ...
Plaster Work
Plaster-work. Plastering Is One Of The Most Ancient Of Handicrafts Employed In Connection With Building Operations, The Earliest Evidence Showing That The Dwellings Of Primitive Man Were Erected In A Simple Fashion With Sticks And Plastered With Mud. Soon A More Lasting And Sightly Material Was Employed To Take The ...
Plataea Or Plataeae
Plataea Or Plataeae, An Ancient Greek City Of Boeotia, Situated Close Under Mt. Cithaeron, Near The Passes Leading From Peloponnesus And Attica To Thebes, And Separated From The Latter City's Territory By The River Asopus. Though One Of The Smallest Boeotian Towns, It Stubbornly Resisted The Central Izing Policy Of ...
Platinum
Platinum, A Very Heavy Steel-grey Metal Of Great Useful Ness In The Chemical And Mechanical Arts. Platinum Was Probably Known In The Impure State From Very Early Times, But Because Of Its Physical Properties And Especially Its High Melting Point It Was Impossible To Work It By Any Of The ...
Platinum Metals
Platinum Metals. Although Generally Found In Nature In The Metallic Condition, Native Platinum Is Never Chemi Cally Pure. With It In Varying Proportions Five Other Metals Are 1 Generally Associated, And To This Group Of Six Elements The Name "platinum Metals" Has Been Given. The Six Metals In The Order ...
Plato
Plato (c. 428 B.c.–c. 348 B.c.), Greek Philosopher, Son Of Ariston And Perictione, Was Born In The Year 428-427 B.c. And Died In 348-347 At The Age Of Over 80. His Family Was, On Both Sides, One Of The Most Distinguished Of Athens. Ariston Is Said To Have Traced His ...
Platonism After Plato
Platonism After Plato Aristotle's Account Of Platonism.—since Plato Refused To Write Any Formal Exposition Of His Own Metaphysic, Our Knowledge Of Its Final Shape Has To Be Derived From The Statements Of Aristotle, Which Are Confirmed By Scanty Remains Of The Earliest Platonists Preserved In The Neo-platonist Commentaries On Aristo ...
Platoon School
Platoon School, A Work-study-play School Organiza Tion Found In The Educational System Of The United States. It Was Originated By William Wirt Who Started The First School Of This Type In Bluffton, Ind., In 1902. When He Became Superin Tendent Of Schools Of Gary, Ind., In 1907, He Organized All ...
Platyhelminthes Or Platodaria
Platyhelminthes Or Platodaria, A Phylum Of Invertebrate Animals, Containing Soft-bodied Creatures Which Are Bilaterally Symmetrical And Usually Somewhat Flattened In Shape, And In Which There Is No True "coelom" Or Perivisceral Cavity And No True (metameric) Segmentation. The Animals Con Tained In This Group (flatworms) Are The Simplest And Probably ...
Play In Animals
Play In Animals. Play Is Illustrated By Kittens With Their Ball, Puppies And Their Sham-hunt, Lambs And Their Races, Monkeys And Their "follow-my-leader." There Are Often Sham Fights Among Birds Which Seem To Be Entirely Playful, Besides Exhibitions Of Flying Powers That Have No Direct Usefulness. For It Is One ...
Player Piano
Player-piano, A Piano Equipped With A Mechanical De Vice For Automatically Playing Written Music Or For Reproducing The Playing Of A Pianist. All Types Of Player-piano Mechanism Are Operated By Utilizing The Difference Between External And Internal Air Pressures. In Fig. R, The Tracker-bar, T, With Its 88 Holes, Is ...
Plebiscite
Plebiscite, A Term Borrowed From The French For A Vote Of All The Electors In A Country Or Given Area Taken On Some Specific Question. The Most Familiar Example Of The Use Of The Plebiscite In French History Was In 1852, When The Coup D'etat Of 1851 Was Confirmed And ...
Plecoptera
Plecoptera (gr. Plaited, And 7rrep6v, A Wing) Is That Order Of Insects Which Comprises The Stone-flies : By Some Authorities They Are Termed Perlaria From Perla, The Principal Genus. Stone-flies Are Dull Coloured Insects, Either Black, Brown Or Grey, Or In Some Species Green. They Are Poor Fliers And Do ...
Pledge Or Pawn
Pledge Or Pawn, In Law, A "bailment Of Goods By A Debtor To His Creditor To Be Kept Till The Debt Is Discharged" (jones On Bailments). The Term Is Also Used To Denote The Property Which Constitutes The Security. Pledge Is The Pignus Of Roman Law From Which Most Of ...
Pleiades
Pleiades, The Constellation So Called Is In Mythology The Seven Daughters Of Atlas And Pleione, And Sisters Of The Hyades. Owing To Their Grief At The Death Of Their Sisters Or At The Suffer Ings Of Their Father, They Were Changed Into Stars. In Another Account, The Pleiades And Their ...
Plesiosaurus
Plesiosaurus, Technically The Name Of A Genus Of Extinct Reptiles Of The Group Sauropterygia ; It Is Commonly Used To Apply To All The Later Members Of That Group. The Typical Plesiosaurs Are Completely Adapted For A Marine Existence In The Open Sea. Large Part In Lenin's Early Mental Development. ...
Pleurisy Or Pleuritis
Pleurisy Or Pleuritis. A Medical Term For Inflam Mation And The Effects Of Inflammation Affecting The Pleura (see Coelom And Serous Membranes). Pleurisy May Be Induced Mechanically, E.g., By A Blow, But More Commonly Is The Result Of Microbial Infection Whether Conveyed Directly By The Blood (as In Scarlatina) Or ...
Pleuro Pneumonia Or Lung Plague
Pleuro-pneumonia Or Lung-plague, A Con Tagious Disease Peculiar To The Bovine Species Generally Affecting The Lungs And Pleura, Producing A Particular Form Of Lobar Or Lobu Lar Pleuro-pneumonia, And, In The Majority Of Cases, Transmitted By The Living Diseased Animal, Or, Exceptionally, By Mediate Contagion. Cattle And Closely Allied Species ...
Plevna
Plevna (bulgarian Pleven), A City In Bulgaria; On The Tutchinitza, And Sofia-varna Railway (opened In 1899). Pop. (1926), 26,636. A Branch Line, 25 M. Long, Connects Plevna With Samovit On The Danube, Where A Port Has Been Formed. After The Events Of 1877, It Was Almost Entirely Forsaken By The ...
Pliny The Elder Gaius
Pliny The Elder (gaius Plin Ius Secundus) (c. A.d. 23-79), Roman Polymath, Was Born At Novum Comum (como), In Transpadane Gaul, On Which Ground He Claims Catullus, A Native Of Verona In The Same Region, As A Fellow Coun Tryman (n.h. Praef. 1., Catullum Conterraneum Meum). The Date Of His ...
Pliny The Younger Gaius
Pliny The Younger (gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus) (a.d. 61 Or 62–c. 113), Latin Prose Author, Was Born At Novum Comum (como) In Cisalpine Gaul. The Second Son Of L. Caecilius Cilo And Plinia, Sister Of The Elder Pliny, He Bore The Name P. Caecilius Secundus Until The Death Of His ...
Pliocene
Pliocene (gr.irxeiov, More, And 'moos, Recent), In Geol Ogy, The Name Given By Sir Charles Lyell To The System Of Strata Lying Between The Miocene And The Pleistocene. The Name Refers To The Increasing Number Of Living Species Amongst The Fossils Of This, The Highest Division Of The Tertiary. The ...
Plotinus Ad 204 Or
Plotinus (a.d. 204 Or 205-270 Was A Native Of Egypt, But It Is Not Known From What Race He Sprang. As A Young Man He Studied Philosophy At Alexandria, And At Last Found A Con Genial Teacher In Ammonius Saccas, Under Whom He Worked Till He Was 39. Then He ...
Plover
Plover, The Name Given To An Indefinite Group Of Birds Which, With The Snipes And Sandpipers, Form The Group Limicolae Or "waders," Although The Plovers Themselves Rarely Enter Water. Perhaps The Best Entitled To The Name Are The Golden Plover (cha Radrius Pluvialis) And The Grey Plover (squatarola Helvetica). The ...
Plum
Plum, The English Name Both For Certain Kinds Of Tree And Also Generally For Their Fruit. The Plum Tree Belongs To The Genus Prunus, Family Rosaceae. Cultivated Plums Are Supposed To Have Originated From One Or Other Of The Species P. Domestica (wild Plum) Or P. Insititia (bullace). The Young ...
Plum Curculio
Plum Curculio, A North American Curculionid Beetle, Or Weevil (conotrackelus Nenuphar). This Insect Is Confined To North America East Of The Rocky Mountains. It Ranges As Far North As Manitoba And Quebec, And As Far South As Victoria, Texas, And Northern Florida. In This Territory It Is A Serious Enemy ...
Plumbing
Plumbing, Properly Working In Lead (lat. Plumbum), Now A Term Embracing All Work Not Only In Lead, But Also In Tin, Zinc, Copper And Other Metals, Connected With The Installation, Fitting, Repairing, Soldering, Etc., Of Pipes For Water, Gas, Drainage, On Cisterns, Roofs And The Like In Any Building. Where ...