Forestry, Stock-raising and Other Industries.—The most important timbers produced are : Mahogany (K/zaya Nyassica); Ebony or Grandilha (Dalbergia melanoxylon) ; Mussacossa or Pod Mahogany (Afzelia Quanzensis), called Chanfuta in the south of the province, used for furniture, vehicles, etc.; M'Bila (Ptero carpus erinaceus) or Bloodwood ; Pau-Ferro (Swart ;ea lladagas carensis), suitable for high class furniture; African Sandal Wood (Excoecaria Africana) for furniture and waggon work, etc. ; Ziba (Andrades arborea) a valuable hardwood; Moanjwa (Cordyla Africana), M'Zimbiti (Androstachys Johnson°, impervious to white ants, and used for railway sleepers and piles ; Panga-Panga (Lonchocarpus Mossambicensis) suitable for furniture ; Muanga or Chuanga (Ormosia Angolensis) used for bridge building, being impervious to white ants; Montle or Gone (Adina microcephala) similar to teak; Messanda (Erythophloeum Guineensis), a very hard red wood, suitable for railway sleepers.
The stock industry, especially the raising of bovine stock, has increased greatly, especially in the districts of Lourenco Marques and Tete. At the end of 1925 there were 393,798 head in the province (excluding the Nyasa company), of which 300,000 were in the Lourenco Marques district.
A modern, well-equipped cement factory, owned by the Mo zambique Portland company, is working at Matola, near Lou renco Marques, and is capable of producing 50,000 tons of cement a year. Its products are used in the province. Tobacco is manu factured, four factories being at work. Bricks and tiles are made at Incomati, on the Lourenco Marques railway. Oils and soaps, in the Lourenco Marques and Inhambane districts. Milling is car ried on. Tannin is extracted in the Quelimane and Mozambique districts. A Portuguese company has undertaken the production of paper and paper-pulp.
Minerals and Mining.—Mining can be carried on only under concession from the Government. In future, exclusive concessions for prospecting for minerals are not to be renewed. The chief mining centre is Manicaland, but minerals have been extensively proved elsewhere. Active prospecting is being carried on in the Lourenco Marques and other districts. The Zambezia Develop ment company is prospecting systematically the whole of the Tete district. Extensive coal fields exist near Zumbo. The quality is excellent. Other deposits are known at Sena and Massurize, along the Shire and Zambezi rivers, and in the Nyasa Co.'s terri tory. Coal has been reported in the Lourenco Marques district, but not proved. The Zambezia Mining company is working coal at Mantize. Malachite is found in the interior, north west of Mo
zambique. The whole of the region north of Delagoa bay to the Zambezi, and inland to and beyond the Portuguese frontier, is auriferous, and ancient gold workings abound. Many writers have sought to identify this region with the land of Ophir. In Manica several gold mines are worked (quartz formation). In 1906-07 a rich formation similar to the American "placer" de posits was discovered in the Manica goldfields. Gold mines are also worked at Missale and Chifumbaze, north of Tete. The Mis sale mines are just south of the frontier of British Central Africa.
An important tin deposit is being worked at Neves Ferreira. Iron is found at Sena and Tete, and in the area of the Nyasa company. Asbestos occurs in the area of the Nyasa company. Copper is found at Sena and Tete, along the Shire and Zambezi rivers. It is chiefly worked near Macequece. Diamondiferous ground is known at Govuro. Wulf ram also occurs and graphite is found along the Shire and Zambezi rivers. Mineral oils occur in the lands of the Nyasa company, and near Inhambane.
Administration and Finance.—The province is divided, for administrative purposes, into the five districts of Lourenco Mar ques, Inhambane, Quelimane, Tete and Mozambique, each under a governor. The capital of the province is Lourenco Marques (q.v.), the capitals of the other districts being the towns after which they are named. Apart from these territories directly ad ministered by the State, two great chartered companies, the Mo zambique and Nyasa (q.v.), have exercised sovereign rights in areas granted to them, with power to make local regulations, but remaining integral parts of the province. Beira (q.v.) is the seat of the administration of the Mozambique company and Porto Amelia that of the Nyasa company. Each administrative district is divided into circumscriptions, each being under an admin istrator ; and in some of these there are smaller dependent ad ministrative posts. The government of the colony is carried on by a legislative council, consisting of four official members, five members nominated by the governor-general, and elected repre sentatives of the five districts. This council meets twice a year. The governor-general, who resides in Lourenco Marques, serves for four years, but may be reappointed. The local government has administrative and financial autonomy, but the Lisbon Govern ment must be consulted. There are six legal districts, Ibo, Mo zambique, Quelimane, Beira, Inhambane and Lourenco Marques. There is a provincial court of appeal.