Ranunculus
Ranunculus, Familiarly Known As "buttercup," Or Crow Foot, A Characteristic Genus Of The Botanical Family Ranunculaceae, The Latin Name, Which Means A Little Frog Or Tadpole (dim. Of Rana, Frog), Was Also Given To A Medicinal Plant, Which Has Been Identified By Some With The Crowfoot. The Members Of The ...
Rape Oil
Rape Oil, An Important Fatty Oil, Known Also As "sweet Oil," Either Expressed Or Extracted From The Crushed Seeds Of Cultivated Varieties Of The Cruciferous Genus Brassica, The Parent Form Of The Whole Apparently Being The Wild Navew, B. Campestris. Under The General Name "rape Oil" Is Included The Produce ...
Raphael Sanzio
Raphael Sanzio (1483-152o), The Great Italian Painter, Was The Son Of Giovanni Sanzio Or Santi, A Painter In The Ducal City Of Urbino. The House Of Giovanni Santi, Where Raphael Was Born (april 6, 1483) Still Exists At Urbino In The Contrada Del Monte, And Is Now The Property Of ...
Rare Earths
Rare Earths, In Chemistry, The Name Given To A Group Of Metallic Oxides Originally Called By This Title Since They Resemble The Substances Then Known As Earths (lime, Magnesia, Etc.). The Corresponding Elements Are Unique In That They Are All Very Similar In Their Chemical Properties. The Group Has Been ...
Rashtrakuta
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Rasmus Christian Rask
Rask, Rasmus Christian Danish Scholar And Philologist, Was Born At Brandekilde, Fiinen, On Nov. 22, 1787. He Studied At The University Of Copenhagen, And In 1808 Was Appointed Assistant Keeper Of The University Library, And Later Professor Of Literary History. In 1811 He Published, In Danish, His Introduction To The ...
Raspberry
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Rastatt
Rastatt, A Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Baden, On The Murg, 15 M. By Rail S.w. Of Karlsruhe. Pop. (1933) 208. The Old Palace Of The Margraves Of Baden, A Renaissance Edifice In Red Sandstone, Contains A Collection Of Pictures, An Tiquities And Trophies From The Turkish Wars. ...
Rastenburg
Rastenburg, A Town In The Province Of East Prussia, On The Guber, 64 M. S.e. Of Konigsberg By The Railway To Lyck. Pop. (1933) 16,091. Its Principal Manufactures Are Flour, Sugar, Oil, Beer And Machinery. (m. Rattus) Is Distinguishable From The Brown Rat By Its Smaller Size, Longer Ears And ...
Ratchet And Pawl
Ratchet And Pawl Is An Important Mechanical De Vice In A Great Many Machines And Appliances, Enabling A Move Ment To Be Effected In One Direction, With Slip Or Freedom In The Opposite Direction. The Mechanism Is Used To Lock Something So That It Cannot Slip Or Reverse, To Hold ...
Rationalism
Rationalism Is That Trend Of Philosophy Which Inter Cedes For The Rights Of "natural Reason" And Sees In It The Source Of All Truth. Common To All The Historical Forms Of Rationalism Is The Belief In The "autonomy Of Thought," I.e., The View That Thought Can Discover By Its Own ...
Rationalization Of Industry
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Rationing Of Neutrals Blockade
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Rattlesnake
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Ravenna
Ravenna, A City And Archiepiscopal See Of Emilia, Italy, Capital Of The Province Of Ravenna, Standing In A Marshy Plain 13 Ft. Above Sea-level, 6 M. From The Sea And 45 M. By Rail East Of Bologna. Pop. (1931) 14,295 (town), 78,143 (commune)—a Considerable Increase, As The Population Of 1881 ...
Raw Materials
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Raymond Poincare
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Raymund
Raymund, Prince Of Antioch (1099-1149), Was The Son Of William Vi., Count Of Poitou. On The Death Of Bohemund Ii. Of Antioch (q.v.), The Principality Devolved Upon His Daughter, Constance, A Child Of Less Than I 0 Years Of Age (i 130). Fulk, The King Of Jerusalem, And, As Such, ...
Raymund Of Toulouse
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Raymund Of Tripoli
Raymund Of Tripoli, The Most Famous Of The De Scendants Of Raymund Of Toulouse, Was A Great-grandson Of His Eldest Son Bertrand : His Mother Was Hodierna, A Daughter Of Baldwin Ii., And Through Her He Was Closely Connected With The Kings Of Jerusalem. He Became Count Of Tripoli In ...
Rays Radiation
Radiation, Rays. Modern Physics Has Developed Mainly As A Result Of An Intensive Study Of Radiations And Rays, And Their Relation To Matter. It Is Possible To Make A Distinction Between The Two Terms, But They Are Generally Used By Men Of Science As More Or Less Synonymous. We Have ...
Reginald Pole
Pole, Reginald (150o-1558), English Cardinal And Archbishop Of Canterbury, Born At Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Was The Third Son Of Sir Richard Pole And Margaret, Countess Of Salisbury, Niece Of Edward Iv. Intended For The Church, He Was Sent For Five Years To The Grammar School Founded By Colet At Sheen. ...
Rhea Or China Grass Ramie
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Richard 1723 1791 Price
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Richard De La Pole
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Richard Porson
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Rio De La Or
Plata, Rio De La Or River Plate, A Funnel Shaped Estuary, On The East Side Of South America, Extending West-north-west From The Sea About 170 Miles. The Discovery Of The South Sea By Balboa, Then Governor Of Castilla Del Oro, Of Which Darien Formed A Part, Created A Lively Desire ...
Roadbeds And Structures
Roadbeds And Structures Of The Two Major Classifications Of Railway Property, Stationary Or Fixed Property (including Roadway And Structures) And Rolling Stock (cars And Locomotives), The Former Comprises Somewhat More Than 75% Of The Total Investment. Comprehended Under The Subject Of Roadway And Its Construction Are The Important Topics Of ...
Rockhampton Brisbane
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Rolling Stock
Rolling Stock Railway Rolling Stock Comprises Passenger Carriages And Goods Or Freight Trucks, Or Wagons, Both Carriages And Freight Wagons Being Usually Termed Cars In Canada And The United States. Passenger Carriages.—the Earliest Passenger Carriages On The Stockton And Darlington And The Liverpool And Manchester Railways Were Practically Road Coaches ...
Rufus 1738 1824 Putnam
Putnam, Rufus (1738-1824), American Soldier And Pio Neer, Was Born In Sutton, Mass., On April 9, 1738 (0.s.). He Served In The French And Indian War In 1757-60; Was A Mill Wright In New Braintree In 1761-68, During Which Time He Studied Surveying; And From 1769 Until The American Revolution ...
Samuel 1632 1694 Pufendorf
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Samuel 1783 1852 Prout
Prout, Samuel (1783-1852), English Water-colour Painter, Was Born At Plymouth On Sept. 17, 1783. He Spent Whole Summer Days, In Company With The Ill-fated Haydon, In Drawing The Quiet Cottages, Rustic Bridges And Romantic Water-mills Of Devon. It Was Not However, Until About 1818, When He Visited The Continent And ...
Sebastiao Jose De Carvalho
Pombal, Sebastiao Jose De Carvalho E Mello, Marquess Of (i699-1782), Portuguese Statesman, Was Born At Soure Near Pomba, On May 13, 1699. He Was The Son Of Manoel De Carvalho E Athayde, A Country Gentleman (fidalgo) And Of His Wife D. Theresa Luiza De Mendonca E Mello. In 1739 He ...
Self Pollination Autogamy
Self Pollination (autogamy) Self Pollination Is Effected In Various Ways. In The Simplest Case The Anthers Are Close To The Stigmas, Covering These With Pollen When They Open ; This Occurs In A Number Of Small Annual Plants, Also In Narcissus, Crocus, Etc. In Snowdrop And Other Pendulous Flowers The ...
Sextus Propertius
Propertius, Sextus (fl. 30-15 B.c.), The Greatest Of The Elegiac Poets Of Rome, Was Born Of A Well-to-do Umbrian Family At Or Near Asisium (assisi), The Birthplace Also Of The Famous St. Francis. We Learn From Ovid, That Propertius Was His Senior, But Also His Friend And Companion; And That ...
Sieges Of Przemysl
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Signalling
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Simeon Denis Poisson
Poisson, Simeon Denis (1781-184o), French Mathe Matician, Was Born At Pithiviers In The Department Of Loiret On June 21, 1781. He Studied Medicine But Gave It Up In Favour Of Mathematics, For Which He Showed An Aptitude. In 1798 He Entered The Ecole Polytechnique At Paris, Where He Attracted The ...
Sir Edward Poynings
Poynings, Sir Edward ( ,1459-1521), Lord Deputy Of Ireland, Was The Only Son Of Robert Poynings, Second Son Of The 5th Baron Poynings. His Mother Was A Daughter Of Sir William Paston, And Some Of Her Correspondence Is To Be Found In The Paston Letters. Robert Poynings Was Implicated In ...
Sir Frederick Pollock 1845 1937
Sir Frederick Pollock (1845-1937), Born On Dec. Io, 1845, Was Educated At Eton And Trinity College, Cambridge. He Was Called To The Bar In 1871, And Was Corpus Professor Of Juris Prudence At Oxford From 1883-1903. He Was Made A Privy Coun Cillor In 1911 And In 1914 Became Judge ...
Sir Henry 1756 1823 Raebjrn
Raeb{jrn, Sir Henry (1756-1823), Scottish Portrait Painter, Was Born At Stockbridge, On March 4, 1756, The Son Of A Manufacturer Of The City. He Was Educated At Heriot's Hospital, And At 15 Was Apprenticed To A Goldsmith In Edinburgh. He Began To Paint Miniatures; And, Meeting With Success And Patronage, ...
Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson
Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke (18io 1895), English Soldier And Orientalist, Was Born At Chadlington, Oxfordshire, On April Ii, 1810. In 1827 He Went To India As Cadet Under The East India Company; And After Six Years As A Subaltern He Was Sent To Persia In Company With Other English Officers ...
Sir Thomas Pope
Pope, Sir Thomas (c. 1507-1559), Founder Of Trinity College, Oxford, Was Born At Deddington, Oxfordshire, Probably In 1507, And Educated At Eton College, Where He Entered The Court Of Chancery. As Clerk Of Briefs In The Star Chamber, Warden Of The Mint (1534-1536), Clerk Of The Crown In Chancery And ...
Sir Thomas Stanford 178
Raffles, Sir Thomas Stanford (178 , English Administrator, Founder Of Singapore, Was Born On July 5, 1781, On Board A Merchantman Commanded By His Father, Benjamin Raffles, When Off Port Morant, Jamaica. He Became A Clerk In The Office Of The East India Company, And In 1805 Was Sent Out ...
Sir Walter Raleigh
Raleigh, Sir Walter (c. British Ex Plorer, Was Born About 1552, The Son Of Walter Raleigh, Of Far Dell, And Catherine, Daughter Of Sir Philip Champernown Of Modbury. He Was Born At The Farmhouse Of Hayes Near Budleigh Salterton Bay. In 1568 He Was Entered As A Commoner Of Oriel ...
Social Control Of Public
Social Control Of Public Utilities Public Service Enterprises Are Regulated By Governments Through Out The Civilized World. It Is Impossible In This Article To Trace This Development Or To Outline The Present Structure Of Regulation. Those Desiring A Detailed Presentation Are Referred To The Bibliog Raphy. In This Summary Is ...
Social Psychology
Social Psychology Social Psychology Was The Product Of The Romantic Age Which Was Initiated By Herder And Completed By Hegel (d. 1831). There Is Nothing Before This Period Which Has Power And Continuity. It Is True That Aristotle Used The Idea Of A Sense Of Kinship, That Hobbes Made Fear ...
Special Mechanisms Of Entomophilous
Special Mechanisms Of Entomophilous Flowers Pollination Of Sage.—such A Plant As The Sage (salvia Pra Tensis) Has A Typical Humble-bee Flower. The Bee Alights On The Platform Formed By The Lower Lip Of The Sympetalous Corolla And Pushes Its Head Down The Tube To Reach The Nectar At The Bottom. ...
Stanislaw Felix 1752 1805 Potocki
Potocki, Stanislaw Felix (1752-1805) , Polish Politician, Son Of Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Palatine Of Kiev, Was Born In 1752. Through Family Influence, He Became Grand Standard-bearer Of The Crown At The Age Of Twenty-two. In 1782 He Was Made Palatine Of Russia, In 1784 A Lieutenant-general, And In 1789 Purchased ...
Stations And Terminals
Stations And Terminals Passenger Passenger Station May Be Divided Into Three Sections; The Building Which Is To Contain The Booking And Other Offices Necessary For The Comfort Of The Passengers And The Business Of The Railway Staff, The Platform By Which The Passengers Enter Or Leave The Trains, And The ...
Statistics Of Prices
Prices, Statistics Of. The Following Article Deals With The Movement Of Wholesale Prices, (a) Since 1782 In The United Kingdom ; (b) Since 1913 In The United States And Other Countries; (c) The Wholesale Prices Of Selected Commodities ; (d) The Movement Of Retail Prices Of Food In The United ...
Sterling 1809 1867 Price
Price, Sterling (1809-1867), American General, Was Born In Prince Edward County, Virginia, On Sept. 14, 1809. He Was Educated At Hampden Sidney College And Afterwards Studied Law. In 1830 He Removed To Missouri And From 1840 To Served In The Missouri State Legislature As Speaker Of The House Of Representatives. ...
Stjepan 1871 1928 Radio
Radio, Stjepan (1871-1928), Yugoslav Statesman, Was Born At Trebarjevo, Near Fiume, On July Ii, 1871. He Studied In Zagreb And Prague, Being Once Expelled From The Lycee And Twice Imprisoned In The Former City For Croatian And Anti-hun Garian Demonstrations. From 1897-99 He Studied In Paris And Later Lived For ...
Stojan 1857 1923 Protic
Protic, Stojan (1857-1923), Yugoslav Statesman, Was Born At Krusgvak Jan. 29, 1857, And At First Entered The Govern Ment Service. He Soon Came Into Conflict With The Repressive Regime Of King Milan And In 1882 Became Editor Of Samouprava And A Leader Of The New Radical Party. He Was Imprisoned ...
Systemic Poisons
Systemic Poisons The Systemic Poisons Include The Following:— Prussic Or Hydrocyanic Acid.—hydrocyanic Acid Is One Of The Best Known Poisons, And A Very Deadly One. In The Pure State It Is Said To Kill With Lightning-like Rapidity. It Is Met With In Corn Merce Only In A Dilute State. In ...
The Behaviour Of The
The Behaviour Of The Protozoa Reflexes, Instincts And Intelligent Actions Are Bound Up With The Presence Of A Nervous System. In Consequence Of This, Out Of The Various Existing Types Of Behaviour, Tropisms Alone Would Seem Applicable To The Protozoa. But This In No Way Covers The Facts. The Behaviour ...
The British Army Post
The British Army Post Office The History Of The British Army Post Office Goes Back To The Napoleonic Wars; And Post Office Records Contain A Vivid Account Of The Experiences Of A Postal Official Who Was Despatched In I 792 To Supervise The Postal Arrangements For The British Troops Then ...
The A Posteriori Calculation
The A Posteriori Calculation Of Probability In Many And Most Important Cases, It Is Impossible To Calculate The Probability A Priori, Because The Alternative Possi Bilities Cannot Be Regarded As Equally Likely. Take, For Instance, The Case Of A Sick Man. What Is The Probability Of His Recovery From His ...