International Red Cross Conferences
International Red Cross Conferences International Red Cross Conferences Meet At Regular Intervals And Include Representatives Of The Governments Signatory To The Geneva Convention, Together With Representatives Of National Red Cross Societies And Of The International Committee Of Ge Neva. The First Of These Conferences Met In Paris, In 1867; The ...
Ira 1846 1927 Remsen
Remsen, Ira (1846-1927), American Chemist, Was Born In New York City On Feb. Io, 5846, And Educated At The College Of The City Of New York (b.a., 1865), College Of Physicians And Surgeons (columbia—m.d., 1867) And At The Universities Of Munich And Gottingen (ph.d., 1870). He Spent The Two Years ...
Jacopo 1486 1570 Sansovino
Sansovino, Jacopo (1486-1570), Italian Sculptor And Architect, Was Born At Caprese Near Florence, His Family Name Being Tatti. He Became A Pupil Of Andrea Sansovino, From Whom He Received His Name. In 1503 He Accompanied Giuliano Di San Gallo To Rome, Devoting Himself There To The Study Of The Antique. ...
Jacopo Francesco Riccati
Riccati, Jacopo Francesco, Count , Italian Mathematician, Was Born At Venice On May 28, 1676, And Died At Treviso On April I 5, 1754. He Studied At The Univer Sity Of Padua, Where He Graduated In 1696. His Authority On All Questions Of Practical Science Was Referred To By The ...
James Edwin Thorold 1823 1890
Rogers, James Edwin Thorold (1823-1890), English Economist, Was Born At West Meon, Hampshire, In 1823, And Educated At King's College, London, And Magdalen Hall, Ox Ford. After Taking A First-class Degree In 1846, He Was Ordained And Was For A Few Years A Curate In Oxford. Subsequently He Resigned His ...
James Whitcomb 1849 1916 Riley
Riley, James Whitcomb (1849-1916), American Poet, Was Born, Of Pioneer Stock, In Greenfield (ind.), Oct. 7, 1849. "the Poet Of The Common People," Riley Was Elected To The American Academy Of Arts And Letters, Received The Gold Medal Of The National Institute Of Arts And Letters, Was Given Several Honorary ...
Jan Van 1381ruysbroek
Ruysbroek Or Ruysbroeck, Jan Van 1381), Dutch Mystic, Was Born At Ruysbroek, Near Brussels, In 1293. In 1317 He Was Ordained Priest And Became Vicar Of St. Gudule, Brussels. When 6o Years Of Age He Withdrew With A Few Companions To The Monastery Of Groenendael, Near Waterloo, Giving Himself To ...
Jean Arthur 1854 1891 Rimbaud
Rimbaud, Jean Arthur (1854-1891), French Poet And Adventurer, Born At Charleville, In The Ardennes, On Oct. 20, 1854. He Was The Second Son Of A Captain In The French Army, Who In 186o Abandoned His Wife And Family. From Early Child Hood Arthur Rimbaud, Who Was Severely Brought Up By ...
Jean Baptiste Donatien De
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien De Vimeur, Comte De (1725-1807), French Soldier, Was Born At Vendome (loir-et-cher) On July 1, 1725. He Was Brought Up At The Jesuit College At Blois, But Entered A Cavalry Regiment. He Served In Bohemia And Bavaria And On The Rhine, And In 1747 Had Attained ...
Jean Henri Riesener
Riesener, Jean Henri French Cabinet Maker Of The Louis Xvi. Period, Was Born At Gladbach Near Co Logne On July 4, And Died In Paris On Jan. 6, 18o6. At An Early Age He Went To Paris, Where He Entered The Workshop In The Arsenal Of Jean Francois Oeben (q.v.). ...
Jean Jacques Elisee Reclus
Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisee French Geographer, Was Born At Sainte-foy La Grande (gironde), On March 15, 1830, The Second Son Of A Protestant Pastor. He Was Educated At The Protestant College Of Montauban, And Studied Geography Under Karl Ritter At The University Of Berlin. Leaving France In December 1851, He ...
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau, Jean Jacques French Philosopher, Was Born At Geneva On June 28, 1712. His Family Had Established Themselves In That City At The Time Of The Religious Wars, But They Were Of Pure French Origin. Rousseau's Father Isaac Was A Watchmaker; His Mother, Suzanne Bernard, Was The Daughter Of A ...
Jean Marie Roland Roland
Roland [roland De La Platiere] , Jean Marie French Statesman, Was Born At Thizy On Feb. 18, 1734. Intending To Seek His Fortune Abroad, He Went On Foot To Nantes, But Illness Obliged Him To Give Up His Project. After Work Ing As A Clerk, He Joined A Relative Who ...
Jean Retz
Retz, Jean Francois Paul De Gondi, Car Dinal De (1614-1679), French Churchman And Agitator, Was Born At Montmirail In 1614. The Family Had Acquired Great Estates In Brittany, And Retz Himself Always Spelt His Designation "rais." He Was A Third Son, And Was Destined For The Church. He Studied At ...
Jean Ribault Or Ribaut
Ribault Or Ribaut, Jean (c. French Navigator, Was Born At Dieppe, About 152o. Appointed By Admiral Coligny To Take French Protestants To America, Ribault Sailed On Feb. 18, 1562, With Two Vessels, And On May I Landed At Florida At St. John's River, Or, As He Called It, Riviere De ...
Jeanne Francoise Julie Ade
Recamier, Jeanne Francoise Julie Ade Laide (1777-1849), A Famous Frenchwoman In The Literary And Political Circles Of The Early 19th Century, Was Born On Dec. 4, At Lyons. Her Maiden Name Was Bernard. She Was Married At Fifteen To The Banker Jacques Recamier (d. 1830), Who Was More Than Old ...
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Runeberg, Johan Ludvig National Poet Of Finland, Son Of A Sea-captain, Was Born At Jakobstad, On Feb. 5, 1804. He Was Educated At The University Of Abo And After Its Removal To Helsingfors, Runeberg Became, In 1830, Amanuensis To The Council Of The University. In 1831 His Verse Romance Of ...
Johann 1455 1522 Reuchlin
Reuchlin, Johann (1455-1522), German Humanist And Hebraist, Was Born On Feb. 22, 1455, At Pforzheim In The Black Forest, Where His Father Was An Official Of The Dominican Monastery. The Name Was Graecized By His Italian Friends Into Capnion. Reuchlin Constantly Writes Himself Phorcensis. He Learned Latin At The Monastery ...
Johann Bern Hard Rechberg Rothenlowen
Rechberg-rothenlowen, Johann Bern Hard, Count (1806-1899), Austrian Statesman, Was The Second Son Of The Bavarian Statesman Count Aloys Von Rechberg-rothen Lowen (1766-1849). Johann Bernhard Was Destined For The Bavarian Public Service, And He Was Educated At The Universities Of Strasbourg And Munich, But Incurred The Displeasure Of King Louis I. ...
Johann Jacob Reiske
Reiske, Johann Jacob ( ) , German Scholar And Physician, Was Born On Dec. 25, 1716, At Zorbig In Electoral Saxony. From The Waisenhaus At Halle He Passed In 1733 To The University Of Leipzig, And There Spent Five Years. He Bought Arabic Books, And When He Had Read All ...
Johann Paul Friedrich 1825
Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich 1825), Usually Called Jean Paul, Famous German Author, Was Born At Wunsiedel, In Bavaria, On March 21, 1763. His Father Was A School Master And Organist At Wunsiedel, But In 1765 He Became A Pastor At Joditz Near Hof, And In 1776 At Schwarzen Bach, Where ...
John 1st Russell
Russell, John 1st , ( I792–i878), Brit Ish Statesman, Third Son Of The 6th Duke Of Bedford, By Georgiana Elizabeth Byng, Second Daughter Of The 4th Viscount Torrington, Was Born In London On Aug. 18, 1792. After An Early Education Desultory On Account Of His Weak Health He Spent Three ...
John Augustus Roebling
Roebling, John Augustus (1806-186g), American Civil Engineer, Was Born At Miihlhausen, Prussia, On July 12,1806. Soon After His Graduation From The Polytechnic School At Berlin He Removed To The United States, And In 1831 Entered On The Practice Of His Profession In Western Pennsylvania. He Estab Lished At Pittsburgh A ...
John Davison 1839 1937 Rockefeller
Rockefeller, John Davison (1839-1937), American Capitalist, Born At Richford, N.y., July 8, 1839. When He Was 14 Years Old The Family Moved To Cleveland, Ohio, Where He Attended The Public School And Then Became An Assistant Book Keeper (1855) In A Commission House, Earning $50.00 The First Three Months. Soon ...
John Davison Rockefeller
Rockefeller, John Davison, Jr. ) , American Capitalist, Born In Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 29, 1874, And Educated At Brown University (a.b., 1897). After A Few Years Of Business Experience In His Father's Offices He Became His Father's Assistant In The Management Of The Enterprises, Espe Cially Those Of A Philanthropic ...
John Edward 1856 1918 Redmond
Redmond, John Edward (1856-1918), Irish Poli Tician, Son Of W. A. Redmond, M.p., Was Born At Ballytrent. He Was Educated At Trinity College, Dublin, And Was Called To The Bar At Gray's Inn In 1886, And Subsequently To The Irish Bar, Though He Never Practised. He Was A Clerk In ...
John Holland Rose
Rose, John Holland (1855— ), English Historian, Was Born At Bedford, And Educated At Owens College, Manchester. In 1911 He Was Appointed Reader In Modern History, And In 1919 Vere-harmsworth Professor Of Naval History, At Cambridge Uni Versity. His Researches Were Directed To The French Revolutionary And Napoleonic Era On ...
John James Robert Manners
Rutland, John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke Of (1818-1906), English Statesman, Was Born At Bel Voir Castle On Dec. 13,1818, The Younger Son Of The 5th Duke Of Rutland By Lady Elizabeth Howard, Daughter Of The 5th Earl Of Carlisle. Lord John Manners, As He Then Was, Was Educated At ...
John Jervis St Vincent
St. Vincent, John Jervis, Earl Of British Admiral, Was The Second Son Of Swynfen Jervis, Solicitor To The Admiralty, And Treasurer Of Greenwich Hospital. He Was Born At Meaford, Staffordshire, On Jan. 9, 1735, And Entered The Navy On Jan. 4, 1749. He Became Lieutenant On Feb. 19, 1755, And ...
John Rogers
Rogers, John (c. 1500-1555), English Protestant Martyr, Born At Aston, Near Birmingham, Was Educated At Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, Where He Graduated B.a. In 1526. Six Years Later He Was Rector Of Holy Trinity, Queenhithe, London, And In 1534 Went To Antwerp As Chaplain To The English Mekchants. Here He Met ...
John Rogers_2
Rogers, John (1627-1665?), English Preacher, A Fifth Monarchy Man, Second Son Of Nehemiah Rogers, A Royalist And Anglican Clergyman, Was Born At Messing, Essex; He Studied Medi Cine At King's College, Cambridge. In The Quarrel Between The Army And The Parliament Rogers Sided With The Army, And He Was One ...
John Ross
Ross, John, Or Kooeskoowe (179o-1866), Chief Of The Cherokee Indian Nation, Was Of Scottish-indian Descent, Born Among The Cherokees In Georgia In 1790. He Was Principal Chief From 1828 Until His Death. In 1830-31 He Applied To The Supreme Court Of The U.s. For An Injunction Restraining The State Of ...
John Rushworth
Rushworth, John (c. 1612-1690), The Compiler Of The Historical Collections Commonly Described By His Name, Was The Son Of Lawrence Rushworth Of Acklington Park, Warkworth, Northumberland. In 1638 He Was Appointed Solicitor To The Town Of Berwick. He Was Enrolled In Lincoln's Inn In 1641, And Was Called To The ...
John Russell
John Russell, Son And Heir Of James, On The Accession Of Henry Viii. Advanced Rapidly Serving The Crown As Soldier And As Diplomatic Agent. He Fought Well At Therouanne, Saw The Field Of The Cloth Of Gold And The French Disaster At Pavia, Lost An Eye By An Arrow At ...
John Singer 1856 1925 Sargent
Sargent, John Singer (1856-1925), Anglo-ameri Can Painter. For 4o Years Before His Death John Singer Sargent Was Too Towering A Personality For His Contemporaries To Judge Either Him Or His Work In True Perspective. A Tall Commanding Presence, With A Small Head Well Set On Broad Shoulders, With Large, Somewhat ...
John Wilmot Rochester
Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl Of (1647 1680), English Poet And Wit, The Son Of Henry Wilmot, The Ist Earl, Was Born At Ditchley In Oxfordshire On April Io, 1647, And Succeeded His Father As 2nd Earl In 1658. He Was Educated At Wadham College, Oxford, And In 1661, Although ...
Jose De San Martin
San Martin, Jose De (1778-185o), South American Soldier And Statesman, Was Born At Yapeyll, On The River Uru Guay, On Feb. 25, 1778. He Was Educated In Madrid For A Military Career And Served Against The Moors And In The Struggle Against Napoleon. In 1812 He Offered His Services To ...
Jose Enrique 1872 1917 Rodo
Rodo, Jose Enrique (1872-1917), Uruguayan Phi Losopher, Author And Politician, Was Born In Montevideo On July 15, 1872. He Was Educated In A Free Lay School And At The Uni Versity Of Montevideo, Where He Showed Extraordinary Aptitude For History, Literature And Philosophy. In 1895 He Was One Of The ...
Joseph 1869 1936 Redlich
Redlich, Joseph (1869-1936), Austrian Historian And Politician, Was Born In Goding, Moravia, On June 18, 1869. He Studied Jurisprudence And History In Vienna, Travelled Extensively, Especially In England, And In 1901 Published His First Work, Die Englische Lokalverwaltung (local Government In England, 1904). He Afterwards Became Professor At Vienna University, ...
Josiah 1855 1916 Royce
Royce, Josiah (1855-1916), American Philosopher And Teacher, Was Born At Grass Valley, A California Mining Town, On Nov. 20, I855. At 16 He Entered The Newly-opened University Of California, Inclined To The Study Of Engineering. But The Teach Ing Of Joseph Leconte, The Geologist, And Of Edward Rowland Sill, The ...
Juan Manuel De 1793 1877
Rosas, Juan Manuel De (1793-1877), Tyrant Of Buenos Aires And Outstanding Figure In The History Of Argentina, Was Born On March 3o, 1793, In The City Of Buenos Aires, Where His Father Took An Active Part In Defeating The English In 1807. Juan Rosas Received A Meagre Education And At ...
Juan Martinez De Rozas
Rozas, Juan Martinez De The Earliest Leader In The Chilean Struggle For Independence, Was Born At Mendoza In 1759. In Early Life He Was A Professor Of Law, And Of Theology And Philosophy At Santiago. He Held The Post Of Acting Governor Of Concepcion At One Time, And Was Also ...
Juan Ruiz
Ruiz, Juan (c. 1283–c. 135o), Spanish Poet, Became Arch Priest Of Hita. It May Be Inferred From His Writings That He Was Not An Exemplary Priest, And One Of The Manuscript Copies Of His Poems States That He Was Imprisoned By Order Of Gil Albornoz, Archbishop Of Toledo. It Is ...
Julius Rosenwald
Rosenwald, Julius ( , _ ) , American Merchant And Philanthropist, Was Born In Springfield, Ill., On August 12, 1862, The Son Of Samuel Rosenwald And Augusta (hammer Slough) Rosenwald. His Father Came To The United States About 1854 From Germany And Finally Established Himself As One Of The Leading ...
Julius Von 1832 1897 Sachs
Sachs, Julius Von (1832-1897), German Botanist, Was Born At Breslau On Oct. 2, 1832. On Leaving School In 1851 He Became Assistant To The Physiologist J. E. Purkinje At Prague. In 1856 He Graduated As Doctor Of Philosophy, And Established Himself As Privatdozent For Plant Physiology In The University Of ...
Karl Johann Rodbertus
Rodbertus, Karl Johann German Socialist, Was Born At Griefswald On Aug. 12, 1805, Where His Father Was Professor At The University. He Studied Law At Got Tingen And Berlin, Was Employed In Legal Offices In Prussia, And, After Travelling For Some Time, Bought The Estate Of Jagetzow In Pomerania (whence ...
Karl Renner
Renner, Karl ), Austrian Politician, Was Born On Dec. 14, 1870, The Son Of A Peasant, At Dolni-dunajovice, Moravia. He Studied Law At The University Of Vienna, And Early Attached Himself To The Social Democratic Party. He Became A Leader Of Neo-marxism. He Was A Deputy From 1907, And, As ...
Kimmochi Saionji
Saionji, Kimmochi, Prince ( ) Japanese Statesman, Was Born In October, 1849, At Kyoto. When Less Than 20 Years Of Age, He Took Part In The Councils Which Led To The Res Toration, And At 19 Was Commander-in-chief Of An Imperial Army. In 1881 He Commenced His Official Career, And ...
Knights Of The Order
St. John Of Jerusalem, Knights Of The Order Of The Hospital Of, Known Also Later As The Knights Of Rhodes And The Sovereign Order Of The Knights Of Malta. The History Of This Order Divides Itself Naturally Into Four Periods: (i) From Its Foundation In Jerusalem During The First Crusade ...
La Rioja
Rioja, La, An Andean Province Of Argentina, Bounded North By Catamarca, East By Catamarca And Cordoba, South By San Luis And San Juan And West By San Juan And Chile. Area, 33,394 Sq. Miles. Pop. (1914) 79,754; 103,071. The Province Is Traversed From North To South By Eastern Ranges Of ...
Later Roman Empire
Roman Empire, Later. The Reign Of Constantine The Great Forms The Most Deep-reaching Division In The History Of Europe. The External Continuity Is Not Broken, But The Principles Which Guided Society In The Greek And Roman World Are Replaced By A New Order Of Ideas. Emperor-worship, Which Expressed A Be ...
Lawrence Hyde Rochester
Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl Of (1641— 1711), English Statesman, Second Son Of Edward Hyde, Earl Of Clarendon, Was Born In March 1641. After The Restoration Of Charles Ii. He Sat As Member Of Parliament, First For Newport In Cornwall And Afterwards For The University Of Oxford, From 166o To 1679. ...
League Of Red Cross
League Of Red Cross Societies The League Of Red Cross Societies Was Formed In 1919 On The Proposal Of H. P. Davison, President Of The War Council Of The American Red Cross, By The Red Cross Societies Of France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan And The United States, For The Purpose ...
Legend Of Roland
Roland, Legend Of. The Legend Of The French Epic Hero Roland (transferred To Italian Romance As Orlando) Is Based On Authentic History. Charlemagne Invaded Spain In 778, And Had Captured Pamplona, But Failed Before Saragossa, When The News Of A Saxon Revolt Recalled Him To The Banks Of The Rhine. ...
Lord William 163 683
Russell, Lord William (163 683), English Poli Tician, Was The Third Son Of The 1st Duke Of Bedford And Was Born On Sept. 29, 1639. About 1654 He Was Sent To Cambridge With His Elder Brother Francis (on Whose Death In 1678 He Ob Tained The Courtesy Title Of Lord ...
Louis 1844 1885 Riel
Riel, Louis (1844-1885), Canadian Agitator, Son Of Louis Riel And Julie De Lagemaundiere, Was Born At St. Boniface, On Oct. 23, 1844, According To His Own Account, Though Others Place His Birth In 1847. Though Known As A Half-breed, Or Metis, And Though With Both Indian And Irish Ancestors, His ...
Louis Claude De Saint Martin
Saint-martin, Louis Claude De French Philosopher, Known As "le Philosophe Inconnu," The Name Under Which His Works Were Published, Was Born At Amboise On Jan. 18, 1743. While In Garrison At Bordeaux He Came Under The Influence Of Martinez De Pasquales, Who Taught A Species Of Mys Ticism Drawn From ...