RECIPROCITY, the condition or state of being reciprocal, i.e. where there is give and take, mutual influence, or correspon dence between two parties, persons or things (Lat. reciprocus, returning back the same way, alternating, probably from re back and pro forward). In a more particular sense, reciprocity refers to the commercial policy under which a country grants special tariff advantages to imports of another country in return for special tariff advantages granted to it by the other country. In American usage the terms "reciprocity" and "reciprocity agree ments" have acquired a highly specialized meaning as a result of the tariff policy formerly pursued by the United States, partic ularly under the tariff acts of 1890 and 1897, in the negotiation of tariff agreements with other countries. In this specialized sense, a reciprocity agreement is one in which the contracting states grant to each other particular tariff concessions, in re turn for particular tariff concessions, without the intention or expectation that these concessions will be generalized, i.e. ex
tended to third countries. Reciprocity agreements are to be distinguished from reciprocal trade agreements concluded by the United States since 1934, in which the tariff reductions made by the United States (except in the Cuban agreement) have been generalized to all countries except those found to be discriminating against American trade. (H. F. G.) RECKLINGHAUSEN, a town in the Prussian province of Westphalia, 22 m. by rail N.W. of Dortmund. Pop. (1925) "4,813. The county of Recklinghausen belonged to the arch bishopric of Cologne until 1803, when it passed to the duke of Arenberg. It was known as the West Recklinghausen. After 1815 the duke of Arenberg held it as a fief under Prussian sov ereignty. In the neighbourhood of Recklinghausen are extensive coal-mines, iron and tin foundries and brick-works, and the in dustries embrace the manufacture of linen, beer, spirits, cement, soap and ammonia.