RUTLAND, a city of Vermont, U.S.A., the county seat of Rutland county; on Otter creek, 85 m. N.E. of Albany (New York). It is served by the Delaware and Hudson and the Rutland railways. Pop. (1920) 14,954 (9o% native white) ; 193o Federal census 17,315. Rutland has a beautiful site, 600 ft. above sea-level, encircled by the Green mountains. Twenty peaks can be seen from the city hall, and there are 20 lakes within 20 miles.
It is a summer resort and touring centre. The famous Rutland marble (used for the memorial in Arlington National cemetery and for many public buildings throughout the country) is quarried in West Rutland and in Proctor (6 m. N.W.), where there is an exquisite marble bridge over the Otter. Some of the underground quarries are 30o ft. below the surface. The manufacturing indus tries of the city (with an output in 1927 valued at $6,118,927) include marble and monument works, and factories making stone working machinery, maple-sugar products and utensils and scales.
Its morning newspaper, the Herald, was established in 1794. Rut land was settled in 177o, and from 1784 to 1804 it was one of the capitals of Vermont. The capitol (1784) is the second oldest building in the State. The village was incorporated in 1847, and in 1892 a part of the town (including the village) was chartered as a city. Plymouth, a village 3o m. S.E. of Rutland, was the birthplace of Calvin Coolidge.
He resigned in 1778, but was elected governor in the following year, and served until 1782. In the Constitutional Convention of 1787 he urged that the president and the Federal judges be chosen by the national legislature. He was associate justice of the U.S.
Supreme Court in 1789-91, and chief justice of the supreme court of South Carolina in 1791-95. Nominated chief justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S. in 1795, he presided during the August term, but the Senate refused to confirm the nomination, apparent ly because of his opposition to the Jay treaty. He died in Charles ton July 23, 1800.
His brother, EDWARD RUTLEDGE (1749-180o), a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, was born in Charleston on Nov.
23, 1749. He studied law in his brother's office, and in London in 1769-73, and practised in Charleston. He served in the Conti nental Congress in and was sent with John Adams and Benjamin Franklin to confer on terms of peace with Lord Howe on Staten Island in Sept. 1776. As captain of artillery and as lieu tenant colonel he served against the British in South Carolina. He was a member of the State legislature from 1782 to .1798, and in '791 drafted the act which abolished primogeniture in South Caro lina. From 1798 until his death Jan. 23, 1800, he was governor of South Carolina.