Seamanship
Seamanship Is The Art Of Handling A Ship Or Boat Under Any And All Conditions Of Weather, Tide, Current Or Other Influence Affecting Its Immediate Movement Or Safety. The Term Is Also Applied To The Skill Attributed To A Good Seaman. It Should Not Be Confused With Navigation (q.v.), Which ...
Seaplane
Seaplane, A Type Of Aircraft Which Is Capable Of Arising From Or Alighting On The Water. Seaplanes May Be Subdivided Into The Following Classes. (i) Float Seaplanes, In Which The Landing Gear Consists Of One Or More Floats Or Pontoons. (2) Boat Seaplanes, In Which The Centre Portion Of The ...
Seattle
Seattle (se-at'el), The Chief City Of Washington, U.s.a., Situated On A Neck Of Land Between Elliott Bay (puget Sound) And The Freshwater Lake Washington; 125 Nautical Miles From The Pacific Ocean, 14o M. S. Of The Canadian Border, 965 M. By Water N. Of San Francisco, And 2,200 M. By ...
Sebastian
Sebastian, King Of Portugal (port, Sebastiiio) 1578), The Posthumous Son Of Prince John Of Portugal And Of His Wife, Joanna, Daughter Of The Emperor Charles, Was Born In 1554, And Became King In 1557, On The Death Of His Grandfather John Iii. Of Portugal. During His Minority (1557-68), His Grand ...
Sebastiano Del Piombo
Sebastiano Del Piombo Italian Painter Of The Venetian School, Was Born At Venice In 1485. His Family Name Was Luciani. At First A Musician, Chiefly A Solo Player On The Lute, He Soon Showed A Turn For Painting, And Became A Pupil Of Giovanni Bellini And Afterwards Of Giorgione. His ...
Secession
Secession, A Term Used In Political Science To Signify The Withdrawal Of A State From A Confederacy Or Composite State, Of Which It Had Previously Been A Part; And The Resumption Of All Powers Formerly Delegated By It To The Federal Government, And Of Its Status As An Independent State. ...
Second Sight
Second Sight, A Term Denoting The Opposite Of Its Appar Ent Significance, Meaning In Reality The Seeing, In Vision, Of Events Before They Occur. Though We Hear Most Of The "second Sight" Among The Celts Of The Scottish Highlands (it Is Much Less Familiar To The Celts Of Ireland), This ...
Second Sikh
Second Sikh War—punjab Campaign 1848-49 For Two Years After The Battle Of Sobraon The Punjab Remained A British Protectorate, With Sir Henry Lawrence As Resident ; But The Sikhs Were Unconvinced Of Their Military Inferiority, The Rani Jindan And Her Ministers Were Constantly Intriguing To Recover Their Power, And A ...
Secondary Education
Secondary Education. The Word Secondary Is Used In Contradistinction To Primary Or Elementary Both In Eng Land And America To Describe A System Above That Of Elementary Standard. ------- – - ---- The Term Secondary Was First Used By Matthew Arnold, Who Adopted It From French Education, To Indicate That ...
Secret Commissions
Secret Commissions. The Giving Of A Commission, In The Sense Of A Bribe Or Unlawful Payment To An Agent Or Employe In Order To Influence Him In Relation To His Principal's Or Employer's Affairs, Has Grown To Considerable Proportions In Modern Times; It Has Been Rightly Regarded As A Gross ...
Secret Languages
Secret Languages. Many Societies, Ancient And Modern, Comprise Special Groups—distinct By Racial, Political, Functional Differences From The Main Community—and These Special Groups Often Preserve Their Identity And Guard Their Independence By The Use Of A Secret Language. In Secret Societies, Passwords Are Used And Where Hieratic Functions Are Discharged By ...
Secret Societies
Secret Societies. This Term Has Been Loosely Used For A Medley Of Associations Which Have Little In Common Beyond An Element Of Secrecy, Which May Vary From A Mere Password To An Elaborate Ritual Of Initiation With A Private Language, Peculiar Ceremonials And Symbols And Every Circumstance Calculated To Lend ...
Secretary Of State
Secretary Of State, In Great Britain, The Designa Tion Of Certain Important Members Of The Administration (see Ministry) ; In The U.s. The Ranking Member Of The President's Cabinet. The Ancient English Monarchs Were Always Attended By A Learned Ecclesiastic, Known At First As Their Clerk, And Afterwards As Secretary, ...
Secular Games
Secular Games Were Celebrated At Rome For Three Days And Nights To Mark The Commencement Of A New Saeculum Or Generation. It Is Important To Note That There Was A Saeculum Civile, The Length Of Which Was Definitely Fixed At 1 Oo Years, And A Saeculum Naturale, Which, Under Greek ...
Security
Security. (the Following Article Is An Authoritative State Ment Of M. Jules Cambon Of The French Point Of View, Which Is The Chief Practical Factor In The European Controversy On This Subject.) The Question Of Security Dominates Contemporary Poli Tics. After A War Which Set The Whole Universe Aflame, The ...
Sedan
Sedan, A Town Of Northern France, In The Department Of Ardennes, On The Right Bank Of The Meuse, 12 M. E.s.e. Of Mezieres By Rail. Pop. (1931) 17,283. Sedan Was In The 14th Century A Dependency Of The Abbey Of Mouzon, The Possession Of Which Was Disputed By The Bishops ...
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks. In Petrology, This Major Division Of Rocks Includes Those Which Have Been Deposited As Beds, With More Or Less Definite Upper And Lower Limits, Either On The Floors Of Rivers, Lakes And Seas, Or Through The Agency Of The Wind, On The Surface Of The Land. The Materials ...
Seduction
Seduction, A Term Generally Used In The Special Sense Of Wrongfully Inducing A Woman To Consent To Sexual Intercourse. The Action For Seduction Of An Unmarried Woman In England Stands In A Somewhat Anomalous Position. The Woman Seduced Has Herself No Right Of Action, For She Must Have Given Her ...
Sedum
Sedum, In Botany, A Genus Of The Family Crassulaceae, Con Taining About 150 Species, Natives Chiefly Of The North Temperate And Frigid Regions, And Mostly Perennial Herbs With Succulent Leaves Of Varied Form, But Never Compound. The White Or Yellow, Rarely Pink Or Blue, Flowers Are Usually Small And Grouped ...
Seed
Seed. The Seed Is Formed From The Ovule As The Result Of Fertilization (q.v.). It Is Contained In A Seed Vessel (see Fruit) Which Eventually Forms Merely A Thin Layer Around The Sac, Or Completely Disappears. The Remainder Of The Nucellus And The Integuments Of The Ovules Form The Seed-coats. ...
Seed Testing
Seed Testing. Sixty Years Ago The Seed Trade Of Great Britain Was In A Most Unsatisfac Tory State, And The Dishonourable Manner In Which Seeds Were Treated And Sold Was Widely Known. It Had, Of Course, Long Been Recognized By Progressive Men That A Good Seed Supply Was As Essential ...
Seed Trade
Seed Trade. Seeds Are The Keystone To The Agricultural And Horticultural Industry, An Industry Which Is Vital To The Life And Prosperity Of Every Country. The Responsibility Resting On The Shoulders Of Those Who Grow And Distribute These Essential Articles Is Therefore A Heavy One. Factors Operating In The Pro ...
Seed Trade In United
Seed Trade In United States The Trade In Seeds Is Carried On Along Two Main Lines ; Farm Seeds And Vegetable And Flower Seeds. Each Line Is Represented By A Trade Association And In The Main Dealers In Vegetable And Flower Seeds Belong To The American Seed Trade Association, And ...
Segovia
Segovia, The Capital Of The Spanish Province Of Segovia; On The Railway From Madrid To Valladolid And Zamora. Pop. (1930) 18,027. Segovia Is Built Upon A Narrow Ridge Of Rock Which Rises In The Valley Of The Eresma, Where This River Is Joined By The Clamores. It Is An Episcopal ...
Segur
Segur, The Name Of A French Family, The First Member Of Which To Attain Distinction Was Francors De Skuur, Better Known As The Seigneur De Sainte-aulaye (d. C. 1605), Who Professed The Reformed Religion, And Was Closely Associated With Henry Iv., Becoming In 1576 President Of His Council. Jean-isaac, Marquis ...
Seine
Seine, The Department Of Northern France Which Has Paris As Its Chief Town, Formed In 1790 Of Part Of The Province Of Ile De-france. It Is Entirely Surrounded By The Department Of Seine Et-oise, From Which It Is Separated At Certain Parts By The Seine, The Marne And The Bievre. ...
Seine
Seine, One Of The Chief Rivers Of France, Rising On The Eastern Slope Of The Plateau Of Langres, 18 M. N.w. Of Dijon. It Flows North-westward Throughout Its Entire Course, But Has Numerous Windings : Between Its Source And Its Mouth In The English Channel The Direct Distance Is Only ...
Seismometer
Seismometer. The Term Seismometer (from Aftcru6s, An Earthquake, And Aerpov, A Measure) Was Invented By David Milne (afterwards Milne Home) In 1841 To Denote An Instru Ment For Recording And Measuring The Movements Of The Ground During An Earthquake. It Is Our Earliest Seismological Term. A Few Years Later, The ...
Seistan
Seistan, The Ancient Sakastane ("land Of The Sakae"), An Extensive Border District Between Persia And Afghanistan, Situated In Most Part Between 29° O' And 32° O' N., And 61° O' And 62° 3o' E. Its Area, Some 1 Oo M. In Extreme Length And Breadth, Covers About 7,00o Sq.m. About ...
Selachians
Selachians, A Group Of Fish-like Vertebrates That Includes The Sharks And Rays. They Are Often Ranked As A Sub-class Of The Pisces, But Differ So Fundamentally From The Bony Fishes That It Is Best To Recognize Them As A Distinct Class, Selachii, Which May Be Thus Defined :—craniate Vertebrates With ...
Selenium
Selenium, A Chemical Element Closely Allied In Physical And Chemical Properties With Sulphur (symbol Se, Atomic Number 34, Atomic Weight 79.2o). It Is A Complex Element Having Six Isotopes (q.v.) With Atomic Weights Ranging From 74 To 80. It Was Discovered In 1817 By J. J. Berzelius Who Called It ...
Selenium Cells
Selenium Cells. The Light-sensitive Property Of Sel Enium Was Discovered In 1873 By Willoughby Smith, Who, As A Pioneer Of Submarine Telegraphy, Had Selected That Substance For Some Experiments Requiring The Use Of A High Electrical Re Sistance. It Is Interesting To Notice That 56 Years Had Elapsed Since The ...
Selenium Compass
Selenium Compass. The Increasing Use Of Steel In Aeroplane Structure And Equipment Has Led To The Need For A Compass That May Be Fixed In A Part Of The Ship Unaffected By Magnetic Disturbances. The Problem, Simple In Principle, Offers Difficulties In Practice. The Selenium Compass Presents An Avenue Of ...
Seleucia
Seleucia, The Name Of Several Hellenistic Cities Named After The Founder Of The Seleucid Dynasty, Seleucus Nicator. The Most Important Are : I. Seleucia On The Tigris.—this City Lay On The Right Bank At The Mouth Of The Nahr-al-malik (the Royal Canal). The City Was Founded By Seleucus Nicator In ...
Selim Iii 1762 1808
Selim Iii. (1762-1808) Was A Son Of Sultan Mustafa Iii. And Succeeded His Uncle Abd-ul-hamid I. In 1789. He Was Thoroughly Persuaded Of The Necessity Of Reforming His State. But Austria And Russia Gave Him No Time For Anything But Defence, And It Was Not Until The Peace Of Jassy ...
Selinus
Selinus, An Ancient City On The South Coast Of Sicily (x€xtvoi)s), 27 M. S.e. Direct From Lilybaeum (the Modern Mar Sala) And 8 M. S.e. Of Castel Vetrano Which Is 74 M. S.s.w. Of Palermo By Rail. It Was Founded, In 651 Or In 628 B.c., By Colonists From Megara ...
Seljuks
Seljuks, The Name Of Several Turkish Dynasties Which Reigned Over Large Parts Of Asia In The I Ith, 12th And 13th Cen Turies. The History Of These Rulers Forms The First Part Of The History Of The Turkish Empire. Proceeding From The Deserts Of Turkestan, The Seljuks Inherited The Traditions ...
Selkirk
Selkirk (or Selcraig), Alexander (1676– 1721), Scottish Sailor, The Prototype Of "robinson Crusoe," Seventh Son Of John Selcraig, Shoemaker And Tanner Of Largo, Fifeshire, Was Born In 1676. Having Been Summoned On Aug. 27, 1695, Before The Kirk-session For Indecent Behaviour In Church, He "did Not Compear, Being Gone Away ...
Selkirk_2
Selkirk, A Royal And Police Burgh, Parish And County Town Of Selkirkshire, Scotland. Pop. (1931) 5,667. It Lies On A Hill On The Right Bank Of Ettrick Water, 6* M. South Of Galashiels By The L.n.e. Railway Company's Branch Line, Of Which It Is The Terminus. There Are Statues Of ...
Selkirkshire
Selkirkshire, Southern County, Scotland, Bounded North By Peeblesshire And Midlothian, East And South-east By Roxburgh Shire, South And South-west By Dumfriesshire And West By Peebles Shire. Its Area Is 170,793 Acres (excluding Water). Almost The Whole Is Hilly, The Only Low Ground Occurring In The Larger Valleys; The Rocks Are ...
Semarang
Semarang, A Residency Of Java, Dutch East Indies, Oc Cupying A Good Deal Of The North-central Portion Of The Island; Area About 11,300 Sq.m. (rembang Residency Was Divided Almost Equally Between Semarang And Surabaya Residencies In 1928). Semarang Is Bounded On The West By Pekalongan, North And East By The ...
Semarang_2
Semarang, One Of The Chief Towns And Ports Of Java, Dutch East Indies. It Is Situated, Almost Centrally, On The North Coast 250 M. E. Of Batavia, And Is The Capital Of The Residency Of Semarang. It Has A Population Of 217,796 (12,587 Europeans And Eurasians, And 29,752 Foreign Asiatics, ...
Semiramis
Semiramis (c. 800 B.c.), A Famous Assyrian Princess, Round Whose Personality A Mass Of Legend Has Accumulated. It Was Not Until 1910 That The Researches Of Professor Lehmann-haupt Of Berlin Restored Her To Her Rightful Place In Babylonian-assyrian History. The Legends Derived By Diodorus Siculus, Justin And Others From Ctesias ...
Semitic Languages
Semitic Languages. The "semitic" Or "shemitic" Languages, So Named In 1781 By Schlozer Because Most Of Those Who Spoke Them Were Descended From Shem (gen. X.–xi.), Were Spoken In Arabia, Mesopotamia, Syria And Palestine, Whence They Spread Into Abyssinia, Egypt, Northern Africa And Elsewhere. All Are Closely Related In Structure ...
Semo Sancus Dius Fidius
Semo Sancus Dius Fidius, An Obscure Roman Deity; A God Fisios Or Fisovios Sancios Was Also Worshipped In Umbria, And Appears To Be The Same. He Had A Temple At Rome On The Quirinal, In Which Was An Ancient Statue Of A Woman, Said To Be Gaia Caecilia, Or Tanaquil, ...
Senegal
Senegal, Colony Of French West Africa (q.v.) Bounded On The North By Mauritania (q.v.), West By The Atlantic, South By Portuguese Guinea And French Guinea, And East By The Faleme, Which Separates It From The Colony Of French Sudan (q.v.). Wedged Into Senegal And Surrounded By It Save Seawards Is ...
Seneschal
Seneschal (senre-shal), A Title Equivalent To "steward." The Seneschal Began Presumably As The Major-domo Of The Ger Man Princes Who Settled In The Empire, And Was Predecessor Of The Mayors Of The Palace Of The Merovingian Kings. But The Name Seneschal Became Prominent In France Under The Capetian Dy Nasty. ...
Senlis
Senlis, A Town Of Northern France, Capital Of An Arrondisse Ment In The Department Of Oise, On The Right Side Of The Nonette, A Left-hand Affluent Of The Oise, 34 M. N.n.e. Of Paris By The Northern Railway On The Branch Line (chantilly-crepy) Connecting The Paris-creil And Paris-soissons Lines. Pop. ...
Senna
Senna, A Popular Purgative, Consisting Of The Leaves Of Two Species Of Cassia (natural Order Leguminosae), Viz. C. Acutifolia And C. Angustifolia. These Are Small Shrubs About 2ft. High, With Numerous Lanceolate Leaflets Arranged Pinnately On A Main Stalk With No Terminal Leaflet ; The Yellow Flowers Are Borne In ...
Sennacherib
Sennacherib, Son And Successor Of Sargon, Mounted The Throne On The 12th Of Ab. 705 B.c. His First Campaign Was Against Babylonia, Where Merodach-baladan Had Reappeared. The Chaldaean Usurper Was Compelled To Fly And Bel-ibni Was Appoint Ed King Of Babylon In His Place. In 701 B.c. Came A Great ...