Silk Manufacture
Silk Manufacture. In Discussing Silk Manufacture, It Is Necessary To Distinguish Between The Preparation Of The Silk Cocoons Through The Process Called Reeling And The Manufacture Of Products Made From The Threads Wound From The Cocoons In That Process. Both Are Referred To As Silk Manufacture Although The Term Popularly ...
Silk Screen Printing
Silk Screen Printing. Screen Stencil Printing Is The Modern Form Of What Is Probably The Oldest Of All Printing Proc Esses. It Is The Logical Development Of The Principle Used By The Chinese And Japanese, Who Long Ago Learned To Make Very Intricate Stencils By Gluing The Cut Design To ...
Silk Trade
Silk Trade. Since The Days Of Marco Polo The Silk Trade Has Been A Colourful Part Of The World's Caravans. The First Routes Through India And Persia To China Carried Silk Which Found Its Way Into The More Civilized Centres Of The World. Legend Has It That Alexander The Great ...
Silk And Sericulture
Silk And Sericulture. Silk Is A Fibrous Substance Produced By Many Insects, Principally In The Form Of A Cocoon Or Covering Within Which The Creatures Are Enclosed And Protected During The Period Of Their Principal Transformations; The Webs And Nests, Etc., Formed By Spiders Are Also Of Silk. But The ...
Sill
Sill, In Geology, An Intrusive Mass Of Igneous Rock Which Consolidated Beneath The Surface And Has A Large Horizontal Extent In Comparison With Its Thickness. In North-eastern England There Is A Great Mass Of This Kind Known As The Whin Sill. "whin" Desig Nates Hard, Tough, Dark Coloured Rocks Often ...
Silurian System
Silurian System, A Term Variously Used In Geology; As Originally Defined By Murchison In 1835 It Included The Rocks De Veloped On The Borders Of England And Wales, A Region Formerly Inhabited By The Silures ; Now Used In Britain In A Restricted Sense To Denote Rocks Lying Between The ...
Silver
Silver, A Metal Known From Very Early Times And, On Ac Count Of Its Comparative Scarcity, Brilliant White Colour, And Resistance To Atmospheric Oxidation, Has Long Been Used For Articles Of Value—coins, Ornaments And Jewellery. Silver (symbol Ag, Atomic Number 47, Atomic Weight 507.88) Was Called Luna Or Diana By ...
Silversmiths And Goldsmiths Work
Silversmiths' And Goldsmiths' Work. Per Sonal Ornaments, Utensils, Vases, Decorative Objects, Etc., Made Of Silver Or Gold, With Their Various Alloys, Are Generally Known As Silversmiths' And Goldsmiths' Work. The Article That Follows Is Treated Historically Under The Following Divisions: Egyptian To Roman, With Jewellery Included In A Separate Section; ...
Silvester Ii
Silvester Ii. (gerbert), Pope From 999 Till 1003, Famous Under His Original Name Of Gerbert, First As A Teacher And After Wards As Archbishop Successively Of Reims And Ravenna, Was An Aquitanian By Birth, And Was Educated At The Abbey Of St. Gerold In Aurillac. Here He Seems To Have ...
Simeon
Simeon, In The Old Testament, The Name Of A Tribe Of Israel, Named After The Second Son Of Jacob By Leah (gen. Xxix. 33). According To Gen. Xxxiv., The Brothers Simeon And Levi Massacred The Males Of Shechem To Avenge The Violation Of Their Sister Dinah ("judgment") By Shechem The ...
Simla
Simla, A Town And District In British India, In The Punjab. The Town Is.,the Summer Residence Of The Viceroy And Staff Of The Supreme Government, And Also Of The Punjab Government. It Is 58 M. By Cart-road From The Railway Station Of Kalka. A Metre-gauge Railway, 68 M. Long, Was ...
Simon Magus
Simon Magus. One Of The Most Ancient And Interesting Rivals Of Early Gentile Christianity Was The Sect Of The Simonians. Its Founder Was A Skilful Magician Who Had Established Himself In The City Of Samaria Just Prior To Its Evangelization And Had Captivated The Populace By His Sorcery, So That ...
Simon Of St Quentin
Simon Of St. Quentin (fl. 1247), Dominican Mission Traveller And Diplomatist, Accompanied, And Wrote The History Of The Dominican Embassy Under Friar Ascelin Or Anselm, Which Pope Innocent Iv. Sent In 1247 To The Mongols Of Armenia And Persia. Large Sections Of Simon's History Have Been Preserved In Vincent Of ...
Simonides Of Ceos
Simonides Of Ceos (c. 556-469 B.c.), Greek Lyric Poet, Was Born At Iulis In The Island Of Ceos. During His Youth He Taught Poetry And Music In His Native Island, And Composed Paeans For The Festivals Of Apollo. Later He Went To Live At Athens, At The Court Of Hipparchus, ...
Simony
Simony, An Offence, Defined Below, Against The Law Of The Church. The Name Is Taken From Simon Magus (q.v.). In The Canon Law The Word Bears A More Extended Meaning Than In English Law. "simony According To The Canonists," Says Ayliffe In His Parergon, "is Defined To Be A Deliberate ...
Sinai
Sinai, The Mountain Which Has Given Its Name To The "sinaitic Peninsula," The Triangle Lying Between Egypt, South Palestine, Arabia And The Red Sea. The Mountain Is Famous In The Old Testament For The Law-giving To Moses And The Israelites When They Entered Into Covenant Relations With The God Who ...
Sinaloa
Sinaloa, A State Of Mexico, On The Gulf Of California, With A Coast Line Of Nearly 400 Miles. Area, 27,557 Sq.m. Pop. (1 9i 0), 323,642; (1931), 395,618. The Surface Consists Of A Narrow Coastal Zone Where Tropical Conditions Prevail, A Broad Belt Of Mountainous Country Covered By The Ranges ...
Sind
Sind, An Autonomous Indian Province, Formerly Comprising The Northerly Part Of The Bombay Presidency. Lying Between 23° 35' And 28° 29' N., And 71° Io' E., It Stands Apart Both Physically And Historically. Its Key Position In The West Of India, Bordering Baluchistan, Must Be Considered In Its Relations, Varying ...
Sindhi
Sindhi (properly Sindhi, The Language Of Sindh, I.e., Sind) And Lahnda (properly Lahnda Or Lahindd, Or Lahnde-di Boll, The Language Of The West), Two Closely Connected Forms Of Speech Belonging, Together With Kashmiri (q.v.), To The North Western Group Of The Outer Band Of Indo-aryan Languages. The Parent Prakrit, From ...
Singapore
Singapore, A Town And Island Situated At The Southern Extremity Of The Malay Peninsula In I° 20' N., 503° 50' E. Singa Pore Is The Most Important Part Of The Crown Colony Of The Straits Settlements, Which Consists With It Of Penang (including Province Wellesley) And Malacca (qq.v.). The Dindings, ...
Singhbhum
Singhbhum, A District Of British India, In The Chota Nagpur Division Of Behar And Orissa. The Administrative Head Quarters Are At Chaibasa. Area 3,879 Sq. Miles. Pop. (1931), 929,802. Singhbhum Is A Hilly District On The Fringe Of The Chota Nagpur Plateau With Mountains In The North-west Rising To A ...
Singing
Singing. Like Other Arts, Singing Has Had Its Periods Of Development, Culmination And Decay. It Reached Its Highest Point Towards The End Of The 18th Century, Since Which Time The Devel Opment Of Music—largely In Relation To The Orchestra—has Led Composers To A Relative Neglect Of The Voice As An ...
Single Stick
Single-stick, A Slender, Round Stick Of Ash About Thirty Four Inches Long And Thicker At One End Than The Other, Used As A Weapon Of Attack And Defence, The Thicker End Being Thrust Through A Cup-shaped Hilt Of Basket-work To Protect The Hand. The Original Form Of The Single-stick Was ...
Single Tax
Single Tax. The Name Given By Henry George, The American Economist, To The Doctrine Of Levying A Tax Upon Rent Alone As The Sole Necessary Instrument Of Taxation. Land, He Held, Is The True Source Of Wealth, And Therefore The Only Proper Revenue Of A State Is That Derived From ...
Singleton
Singleton, The Oldest Town Of The Hunter River Valley, In Central Eastern New South Wales, Australia, Socially And Indus Trially One Of The Most Interesting And Important Areas In The Southern Hemisphere. In Its Many-sided Significance—in Respect Of Its Site In The River Valley Liable To Floods, The Presence Of ...
Sinope
Sinope (sinfib), The Capital Of A Vilayet On The North Coast Of Asia Minor, On A Low Isthmus Joining The Promontory Of Boz Tepe To The Mainland. Though It Possesses The Only Safe Roadstead Between The Bosporus And Batum, The Difficulties Of Communica Tion With The Interior, And The Rivalry ...
Sinter
Sinter, A Word Taken From The German (allied To Eng. "cinder") And Applied To Certain Mineral Deposits, More Or Less Porous Or Vesicular In Texture. At Least Two Kinds Of Sinter Are Recognized—one Siliceous, The Other Calcareous. Siliceous Sinter Is A Deposit Of Opaline Or Amorphous Silica From Hot Springs ...
Sinus
Sinus. Anatomically The Term Refers To A Space Filled With Blood Or Air. The Word Is Also Used By Surgeons To Signify A Dis Charging Track Which Will Not Heal And Has In Many Cases A Foreign Body, Or Dead Bone At The Bottom. Popularly The Expression "sinus Trouble" Implies ...
Sioux City
Sioux City, A City Of Western Iowa, U.s.a., On The Mis Souri River At The Mouth Of The Big Sioux, Soo M. W. Of Chicago ; A Port Of Entry, The County Seat Of Woodbury County, And The Second City Of The State In Size. It Is On Federal Highways ...
Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls, The Largest City Of South Dakota, U.s.a., On The Big Sioux River, At An Altitude Of 1,422 Ft., 190 M. N. By W. Of Omaha ; The County Seat Of Minnehaha County. It Is On The Atlantic—yellowstone—pacific And The Custer Battlefield High Ways; Has A Municipal Airport 3 ...
Siphon Or Syphon
Siphon Or Syphon, An Instrument, Usually In The Form Of A Bent Tube, For Conveying Liquid Over The Edge Of A Vessel And Delivering It At A Lower Level (lat. Sipho ; Gr. Oigov, A Tube). The Action Depends Upon The Difference Of The Pressure On The Liquid At The ...
Sipunculoidea
Sipunculoidea, Marine Animals Of Uncertain Affinities Formerly Regarded As A Subdivision Of The Class Gephyrea (q.v.). Some Authorities Have Linked Them With The Phoronidea (q.v.) As The Podaxonia, But They Are Here Treated As Autonomous. A Number Of Fossil Forms Occur In The Middle Cambrian Of British Columbia. Ciliary Mechanism ...
Sir Anthony 1635shirley
Shirley Or Sherley, Sir Anthony 1635), English Traveller, Was The Second Son Of Sir Thomas Shirley (1542-1612), Of Wiston, Sussex. Educated At Oxford, He Gained Some Military Experience With The English Troops In The Nether Lands And Also During An Expedition To Normandy In 1591 Under Robert Devereux, Earl Of ...
Sir Charles Sedley
Sedley, Sir Charles (c. 1639-1701), English Wit And Dramatist, Was Born About 1639, And Was The Son Of Sir John Sedley Of Aylesford In Kent. He Was Educated At Wadham College, Oxford. The College Was Then Under The Direction Of John Wilkins, Whose Other Pupils Included Rochester And Car Scroop. ...
Sir Cloudesley Or Clowdisley
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley Or Clowdisley Shovell As He Seems To Have Spelt The Name Himself (c. 1650-1707), English Admiral, Was Baptised At Cockthorpe In Norfolk On Nov. 25, 165o, And Went To Sea Under The Care Of His Kinsman Sir Christopher Mynns. He Was Present As Captain Of The "edgar" ...
Sir Ernest Henry 1874 1922
Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874-1922), British Explorer, Was Born In Kilkee, Ireland, On Feb. 15, Educated At Dulwich College, He Entered The Mercantile Marine Service. In Scott's Antarctic Expedition Of 1901-04 Shackleton Acted As Lieutenant, But Had To Return Home On Account Of Illness. On Jan. I, 1908 He Sailed ...
Sir Frank Job Short
Short, Sir Frank Job (1857– ), Knighted 1911, English Engraver And Water-colour Painter, Was Born At Stour Bridge, Worcestershire, On June 19, 1857. He Was Educated To Be A Civil Engineer, And Came To London In 1881 As Assistant To Baldwin Latham In Connection With The Parliamentary Inquiry Into The ...
Sir George Gilbert 1811 1878
Scott, Sir George Gilbert (1811-1878), English Architect, Was Born In 1811 At Gawcott Near Buckingham, Where His Father Was Rector ; His Grandfather, Thomas Scott (1747 1821), Was A Well-known Commentator On The Bible. Scott Was Apprenticed To A London Architect, Filled Various Staff Posts, And Designed His First Church ...
Sir Giles Gilbert Scott
Scott, Sir Giles Gilbert (188o— ), British Architect, Born Nov. 9, 1880, Was The Son Of George Gilbert Scott And Grandson Of Sir George Gilbert Scott, R.a. Educated At Beaumont College, Old Windsor, He Began To Practise In London In 1902. In The Following Year His Designs For The Projected ...
Sir Hats Sloane
Sloane, Sir Hats (166o—1753), British Collector And Physician, Was Born On April 16, 1660, At Killyleagh In County Down, Ireland, Where His Father Had Settled At The Head Of A Scottish Colony Sent Over By James I. He Spent Four Years In The Study Of Medicine In London, And Then ...
Sir Henry 1529 1586 Sidney
Sidney, Sir Henry (1529-1586), Lord Deputy Of Ire Land, Was The Eldest Son Of Sir William Sidney, A Prominent Poli Tician And Courtier In The Reigns Of Henry Viii. And Edward Vi., From Both Of Whom He Received Extensive Grants Of Land, Includ Ing The Manor Of Penshurst In Kent, ...
Sir Henry 1549 1622 Savile
Savile, Sir Henry (1549-1622), Warden Of Merton College, Oxford, And Provost Of Eton, Was The Son Of Henry Savile Of Bradley, Near Halifax, In Yorkshire. He Was Educated At Brasenose College, Oxford, Where He Matriculated In 1561. He Became A Fellow Of Merton In 1565, Proceeded B.a. In 1566, And ...
Sir Henry George Wakelyn
Smith, Sir Henry George Wakelyn, —art. (1787-1860), British General, Son Of John Smith, Surgeon, Of Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, Was Born At That Place On June 28, 1787. Harry Smith (as He Consistently Preferred To Be Called Throughout His Life) Was Educated Privately And Entered The Army In 1805. His First Active ...
Sir John Allsebrook Simon
Simon, Sir John Allsebrook ), Brit Ish Politician And Lawyer, The Son Of A Congregational Minister, Born Feb. 28, 1873, At Manchester, Educated At Fettes College, Edinburgh, And Wadham C011ege, Oxford, Where He Was A Scholar. He Became President Of The Union In 1896, And Was Subsequently Elected Fellow Of ...
Sir John Sinclair
Sinclair, Sir John, Bart. Scottish Writer On Finance And Agriculture, Was The Eldest Son Of George Sinclair Of Ulibster, A Member Of The Family Of The Earls Of Caith Ness, And Was Born At Thurso Castle On May 10, 1754. After Studying At Edinburgh, Glasgow, And Trinity College, Oxford. He ...
Sir Philip 1554 1586 Sidney
Sidney, Sir Philip (1554-1586), English Poet, States Man And Soldier, Eldest Son Of Sir Henry Sidney And His Wife Mary Dudley, Was Born At Penshurst On Nov. 3o, 1554. On Oct. 17, 1564, He Was Entered At Shrewsbury School, Close To Ludlow Castle, His Father's Official Residence As Lord President ...
Sir Rudolf Carl Von
Slatin, Sir Rudolf Carl Von Anglo-austrian Soldier And Administrator In The Sudan, Was Born On June 27, 1857, At Ober St. Veit Near Vienna. At The Age Of Seventeen He Made His First Journey To The Sudan, Reaching Khar Tum By The Nile Route In October 1875 In Company With ...
Sir Sidney Godolphin Alex
Shippard, Sir Sidney Godolphin Alex Ander (1838-1902), British Colonial Administrator, Was Edu Cated At King's College School And Oxford, And Was Called To The Bar In 1867. He Was Attorney-general Of Griqualand West From 5873-7, When He Was Made Acting Recorder Of The High Court Of Griqualand. From 1880-5 He ...
Sir Theophilus Shepstone
Shepstone, Sir Theophilus British South African Statesman, Was Born At Westbury Near Bristol, Eng Land, On Jan. 8, 1817. When He Was Three Years Old His Father, The Rev. William Shepstone, Emigrated To Cape Colony. In The Kaffir War Of 1835 Shepstone Served As Headquarters Interpreter On The Staff Of ...
Sir Walter Scott
Scott, Sir Walter, (1771-1832), Scottish Poet And Novelist, Was Born At Edinburgh On Aug. 15, 1771. He Came Of An Old Border Family, And It Was His Pride In Their Real Or Supposed Feudal Dignity And Their Rough Marauding Exploits That First Directed Him To The Study Of Border History ...
Sir William Scroggs
Scroggs, Sir William (c. 1623-1683), Lord Chief Justice Of England, Was The Son Of A Butcher Of Sufficient Means To Give His Son A University Education. Scroggs Went To Oriel College, And Later To Pembroke College, Oxford. There Is Some Evidence That He Fought On The Royalist Side During The ...
Sir William Sidney Smith
Smith, Sir William Sidney English Admiral, Was Born At Westminster On July 21, 1764, And Entered The Navy. In Jan. 1780 He Was Appointed Lieutenant Of The "alcide" (74) After Serving At Cape St. Vincent Under Rodney; And In May 1782 Was Made Commander Of The "fury" Sloop, And Promoted ...
Sirens
Sirens, In Greek Mythology, The Daughters Of Phorcys The Sea-god (gr. /apcives), Or, In Later Legend, Of The River-god Acheloos And One Of The Nymphs. In Homer They Are Two In Num Ber (in Later Writers Generally Three) ; Their Home Is An Island In The Western Sea Between Aeaea, ...
Sirius
Sirius, The "dog Star," Is The Brightest Star In The Heavens. It Is Situated In The Constellation Canis Major (q.v.). The My Thology And Early References To It Are Discussed In The Article Canis Major. In 1844 Bessel Found That Sirius Was Not Moving Uni Formly Through The Heavens, Being ...
Sirohi
Sirohi, An Indian State In The Rajputana Agency. Area 1,958 Sq.m. The Country Is Much Broken Up By Hills And Rocky Ranges; The Aravalli Range Traverses It From North-east To South-west. The South And South-east Part Of The Territory Is Mountainous And Rugged, Containing The Lofty Mount Abu. The Only ...
Sisal Hemp Or Henequen
Sisal Hemp Or Henequen, Of Florida And The Bahamas, The Product Of Agave Rigida, Variety Sisalana, A Native Of Yucatan, But Found In Other Parts Of Central America And Distributed To The West Indies, Where It Is Being Increasingly Cultivated. Agave (q.v.) Is A Member Of The Family Amaryllidaceae; And ...
Sisterhoods Modern Anglican
Sisterhoods (modern Anglican). The Dissolution Of Religious Houses In England (1536-1540) Under Henry Viii. Swept Away More Than 140 Nunneries, And The Anglican Church Was Left Without Sisterhoods For Three Centuries. But As These Had For Goo Years Formed Part Of Her System, There Were Protests From Time To Time ...
Sisyphus
Sisyphus (etymology Uncertain), Son Of Aeolus And En Arete, And King Of Ephyra (corinth). He Was The Father Of The Sea-god Glaucus And (in Post-homeric Legend) Of Odysseus. He Was Said To Have Founded The Isthmian Games In Honour Of Melicertes, Whose Body He Found Lying On The Shore Of ...
Sitka
Sitka (formerly New Archangel), Historically The Most Nota Ble Settlement Of Alaska, On The West Coast Of Baranof Island, In Sitka Sound, Lat. 57° 03' N., 135° 19' W., About Loom. S.s.w. Of Juneau. Pop. (1890) 1,193 (300 White And 893 Natives) ; (1930) 1,056. The City Is Prettily Situated ...
Sitmar Line
Sitmar Line. The "sitmar" Steamship Company Was Originally Incorporated With The Navigazione Generale Italiana. As An Outcome Of The Deliberations Of The Maritime Conventions, The Lines Of The N.g.i. Which Served The Mediterranean And Fat East Were Formed Into Separate Companies, Which Were Subsidised By The State, And One Of ...
Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull (c. 1837-1890), A Chief And Medicine Man Of The Dakota Sioux, Was Born On Willow Creek, In What Is Now North Dakota, About 1837, Son Of A Chief, Jumping Bull. He Gained Great Influence Among The Reckless And Unruly Young In Dians, And During The Civil War Led ...
Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne, A Market Town In The Faversham Par Liamentary Division Of Kent, England, On A Navigable Creek Of The Swale, 444 M. E.s.e. Of London By The Southern Ry. Popula Tion (1931) 20,175 With Milton. It Consists Principally Of One Long Street (the Roman Watling Street) And The Northern Suburb ...
Sivas
Sivas, A Vilayet In Asia Minor. Sivas (anc. Megalopolis Sebasteia), Altitude 4,42o Ft., Is The Chief Town Of The Vilayet Of The Same Name. It Is Situated In The Broad Valley Of The Kizil Irmak, On One Of Its Right Bank Tributaries, The Murdan Su. Pop. (1927) 56,180. The Climate ...
Siwa
Siwa, An Oasis In The Libyan Desert, Politically Part Of Egypt. It Is Also Known As The Oasis Of Amon Or Jupiter Ammon; Its Ancient Egyptian Name Was Sekhet-am, "palm-land." The Oasis Lies About 35o M. W.s.w. Of Cairo; Its Chief Town, Also Called Siwa, Being Situated In 12' N., ...