STANISLAWOW, a province of Poland. Area 7,090 sq.m. Pop. (1931) 1,475,954. In 1921 69.7% were Ruthen ians, 22.2% Poles and 6.8% Jews. The Ruthenians speak a dif ferent dialect from that of the Ukrainians and the Polesian groups, those in the Carpathian area maintaining their Highland customs, especially the interesting tribes of Hucules, who seem to be of Rumanian admixture. They are members of the Greek Catholic or Uniat Church. The province consists of a fertile belt drained by the tributaries of the Dniester, which forms its north east boundary, of the Carpathian slopes and the mountains themselves, which rise in height to the east and form the lofty Czarna Hora, with dense forests of beech, fir, etc. The province produces 2,200,000 cubic metres of timber annually, the highest proportion per inhabitant of all the Polish provinces. Stanis law6w is famous for its horses and dairy cattle. The salt of Kolomyja has been worked since the earliest times, forming part of the salt belt which extends all along the mountains to Cracow.
Potash is found at Kalusz and Turka. The Stanislawow district also has oilfields, producing (1924) tons. Other districts, such as Kolomyja, produce oil and there is mineral gas at Kalusz.
The mountain scenery of the province is very beautiful, particu larly in the valley of the Stryj. There are a number of health resorts, such as Kosow, in Pokucie. The chief towns are Stanis lawOw (pop. 1931, 60,256), Stryj (30,682), Kolomyja (33,385 ), Kalusz and Sniatyn. Halicz (Russian Galich), the ancient capital of the three provinces of Stanislawow, Tarnopol and Lemberg, is a small town near the Dniester. It was the capital of a line of Russian princes, which became extinct in 1340 when Casimir the Great occupied the principality.