STUTTGART, capital of Wurttemberg. Pop. including sub urbs Stuttgart seems to have originated in a stud (Staten Garten) of the early counts of Wurttemberg, and is first mentioned in a document of 1229. In the early his tory of Wiirttemberg it was overshadowed by Cannstatt. Indeed, even at the beginning of the 19th century it did not contain 20,000 inhabitants, and its real advance began with Kings Fred erick and William I. Few of its principal buildings are older than the 19th century. They illustrate the revival of the Renaissance style. Of the churches in the city the most interesting are the Stiftskirche, with two towers, a fine specimen of 5th-century Gothic; the Leonhardskirche, also a Gothic building of the 15th century; and the Hospitalkirche, restored in 1841, the cloisters of which contain the tomb of Johann Reuchlin. A large proportion of the most prominent buildings are clustered round the Schlossplatz. Among these are the new palace, a structure of the 18th century, finished in 1807 ; the old palace, a i6th-century building ; and the so-called Akademie, formerly the seat of the Karlschule, where Schiller received part of his education, and now containing a library. On or near the Schlossplatz also are the new courts of
justice; and the central railway station.
The art collections of Stuttgart are numerous and valuable. The museum of art comprises a picture gallery, a collection of casts of Thorvaldsen's works and a cabinet of engravings. The library contains many thousands of printed volumes and man uscripts, including one of the largest collections of Bibles in the world. The technical high school, which since 1899 has possessed the right to confer the degree of doctor of engineering, practically enjoys academic status and so does the veterinary high school.
Stuttgart is the centre of the publishing trade of south Ger many. Its other manufactures include machinery, pianos and other musical instruments, cotton goods, linen, gloves, rubber, jewellery, chocolate, lamps, cigars, furniture, leather, paper, col ours and chemicals. A large banking and exchange business is done here. StUttgart contains a garrison. Cannstatt, incorporated with Stuttgart in 1903, attracts visitors owing to its beautiful situa tion and its saline and chalybeate springs.