Suabia Or Suevia Swabia
Swabia, Suabia Or Suevia (ger. Schwaben), One Of The Stem-duchies Of Mediaeval Germany, Taking Its Name From The Suevi, A Tribe Who Inhabited The District In The First Century Of The Christian Era. They Were Joined By Other Tribes, And The Dis Trict Was Called Alamannia, Until About The Ilth ...
Suakin
Suakin, A Seaport Of The Anglo-egyptian Sudan On The Red Sea. It Is A Coralline Islet Connected With The Suburb Of El-kef On The Mainland By A Causeway And A Viaduct. Access Is Gained To The Harbour Through A Winding And Dangerous Passage Over 2 M. Long, Terminating In A ...
Subiaco
Subiaco (anc. Sublaqueum), A Town Of Italy, Picturesquely Situated On The Anio, 1,339 Ft. Above Sea-level. The Town's Population In 1931 Was 8,804. It Was So Called From Its Position Under The Three Artificial Lakes Constructed In The Gorge Of The Anio In Connection With The Aqueduct Of The Anio ...
Subliminal Self
Subliminal Self. The Phrase Owes Its Wide Currency To The Writings Of F. W. H. Myers, Especially To His Posthumous Work Human Personality And Its Survival Of Bodily Death. In The Stricter Usage The Phrase Stands For An Hypothesis Which Seemed To Its Author To Bring Almost All The Strange ...
Submarine
Submarine. A Submarine Is A Vessel Capable Of Being Sub Merged And Propelled Under Water And Essentially Armed With Torpedoes Which Can Be Fired While Submerged, Aim Being Taken By Means Of A Periscope, Which Alone Is Visible To The Surface Craft Being Attacked. Submarines Are Also Fitted With A ...
Submarine Campaign
Submarine Campaign. When The World War Broke Out The Submarine Was A Weapon Of Unknown Capabilities. In Its Legitimate Role As One Of The Essential Arms Of A Modern Navy, It Was Not A Serious Menace To Great Britain, But The "unrestricted" War On Commerce Was, In The Words Of ...
Submarine Telegraphy
Submarine Telegraphy History.—although Suggested As Early As 1798 By The Spanish Scientist Salva, And Made The Subject Of Several Experiments In The Early Part Of The 19th Century By Morse, Wheatstone And Others, Which Demonstrated The Possibility Of Submarine Teleg Raphy, It Was Not Until The Introduction Of Gutta-percha As ...
Substance
Substance. The Concept Of Substance Is That Of A Per Manent Substratum Preserved Through All Changes. The Term Sub Stance Is Latin For The Greek "that Which Underlies," As The Permanent "basis" Of Its "accidents" (crw.0€13nora, E.g., Aristotle, Metaphysics Iv., 3o, O25a). Seek To Exhibit Within Nature Itself Certain Elements ...
Succession Duty
Succession Duty. In The English Fiscal System, A Tax Placed On The Gratuitous Acquisition Of Property Which Passes On The Death Of Any Person, By Means Of A Transfer From One Person To Another Person. (see Legacy Duty And Succession Duty.) Successor State, A Term Applied To A State Formed ...
Succinic Acid
Succinic Acid Is An Organic Compound Occurring In Amber (3 To 4%), From Which Fossilised Gum It Is Obtained By Distillation. It Is Also Found In Other Resins, In Lignites, In Fossil Ised Woods And In Many Plants Belonging To The Compositae And Papaveraceae. It Occurs In The Animal Kingdom, ...
Sudan
Sudan (arabic Bilad-es-sudan, Country Of The Blacks), That Region Of Africa Which Stretches, South Of The Sahara And Egypt, From Cape Verde On The Atlantic To Massawa On The Red Sea. It Is Bounded South (i) By The Maritime Countries Of The West Coast Of Africa, (2) By The Basin ...
Sudanic Languages
Sudanic Languages. This Term Is Applied To A Num Ber Of Languages Spoken By Negro And Other Peoples From Abys Sinia To Nigeria. At Present Sixteen Main Divisions Are Recognized. ) Nilo-chad, A Group With Thirty Languages, Including Zebu, Kunama, Kanuri; 2) Nilo-abyssinian (15 Languages), Including Shilluk, Nuer And Dinka. ...
Suebi Or Suevi
Suebi Or Suevi, A Collective Term Applied To A Number Of Peoples In Central Germany, The Chief Of Whom Were The Mar Comanni, Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, And Langobardi ; These Tribes Inhabited The Basin Of The Elbe. Tacitus Uses The Name Suebi In A Wider Sense To Include Not Only ...
Suez
Suez, A Port Of Egypt On The Red Sea And Southern Terminus Of The Suez Canal. Pop. About 40,000. Suez Is Supplied With Water By The Fresh-water Canal, Which Starts From The Nile At Cairo And Was Opened In 1863. Before This, Water Had To Be Brought From "the Wells ...
Suez Canal
Suez Canal, An Artificial Waterway, About Loom. Long, Connecting Port Said, On The Mediterranean Sea, And Suez, On The Red Sea, Which Enables Ocean-going Ships To Traverse The Isthmus Between Asia And Africa, Thereby Shortening The Maritime Route From Europe To The Orient By The Sailing Distance Around The Continent ...
Suffolk
Suffolk, An Eastern County Of England. Area 1,488.6 Sq. Miles. Much Of The County Is Formed By Low Hills, Rising Oc Casionally Over 400 Ft. They Are A Continuation Of The Chilterns And They Form The Main Watershed Of The County. They Consist Of Chalk, Covered To The East By ...
Sufiism
Sufiism (tasawwuf) Is Formed From The Arabic Word So, Which Was Applied, In The 2nd Century Of Islam, To Men Or Women Who Adopted An Ascetic Or Quietistic Way Of Life. The Word Sufi From Siif (wool) Refers To Garments Worn By Such Persons. Mysticism In Islam Goes Back To ...
Sugar
Sugar. This Name Applies To Over I Oo Substances, Having Distinctive Properties And Scientific Names; For Example, Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose. Of The Numerous Sugars Which Occur In Plants, Sucrose (q.v.) Is The Most Abundant And Has Been Extracted Commercially From Sugar Cane, Sugar Beet, Maple Tree, Indian Maize, ...
Sugar In Cookery
Sugar In Cookery As Sugar Is An Important Soluble Carbohydrate And Is Easily Assimilable, It Is Valuable In The Diet. Candy Contains A High Pro Portion Of Sugar (or Glucose), But No Dish For The Table Should Do So. In Adding Sugar To Fruit, More Is Needed If It Is ...
Suggestion
Suggestion. By The Older Writers On Psychology The Words "suggest" And "suggestion" Were Generally Used In Senses Very Close To Those Of Common Speech. Modern Studies In Mental Pathology And Hypnotism (q.v.) Have Led To The Use Of These Words By Psychologists In A Special And Technical Sense. The Hypnotists ...
Suicide
Suicide, The Act Of Intentional Self-destruction. At The Present Time It Is Held To Be Reprehensible, If Not Indeed Criminal, In Ethics And In Law. This Was Not Always The Case. Even In Euro Pean Countries It Is Not So Very Long Ago That Suicide Was Esteemed Infinitely More Honourable ...
Suidas
Suidas, Greek Lexicographer. Nothing Is Known Of Him, Except That He Must Have Lived Before Eustathius ( I2th-i3th Century), Who Frequently Quotes Him. Under The Heading "adam" The Author Of The Lexicon (which A Prefatory Note States To Be "by Suidas") Gives A Brief Chronology Of The World, Ending With ...
Suite
Suite (suite De Pieces; Ordre; Partita), In Music, A Group Of Dance Tunes In Melodic Forms (see Sonata Forms) . It Consists Essentially Of Four Principal Movements With The Insertion Of One Or More Lighter Movements Between The Third And The Last. The First Movement Is The Allemande, In Slow ...
Sula Islands
Sula Islands, A Chain Of Islands (sulla, Xulla, Dutch Soela), East Of Celebes, Dutch East Indies, Really An Extension Of The Eastern Peninsula Of That Island. There Are Three Large Islands, Taliabu, Mangola And Sula Besi, And Several Smaller Ones. Taliabu And Mangola, Very Long And Narrow, Extend West And ...
Sulgrave Manor
Sulgrave Manor, The Early English Home Of The Ancestors Of George Washington. Situated 21m. N.w. Of Helm Don In Northamptonshire, England, It Is A Notable Shrine. Laurence Washington, Twice Mayor Of Northampton, Bought The Property From King Henry Viii. In 1539, On The Dissolution Of The Smaller Religious Houses. It ...
Sulmona
Sulmona (anc. Sulmo), A City Of The Abruzzi, Italy. Pop. (1931), 15,572 (town), 21,076 (commune). Sulmona Is Situated At A Height Of 1,322 Ft. Above The Sea On The Gizio, A Tributary Of The Pescara, Which Supplies Water-power To Its Paper-mills, Fulling-mills And Copper-works. Its Cathedral Of San Panfilo Has ...
Sulphonic Acids
Sulphonic Acids, Organic Acids Containing Sulphur And Having The General Formula, Where R Is Either An Alkyl Or An Aryl Radical. (see Chemistry, Organic.) Aromatic Suiphonic Acids.—the Acids Of This More Important Group Are Obtained Generally By Digesting Aromatic Compounds With Concentrated Sulphuric Acid, The Process Being Called Sul Phonation. ...
Sulphur
Sulphur, A Non-metallic Chemical Element, Also Called "brimstone," Has Been Known From Remote Times, And, Owing To Its Inflammability, Was Regarded By The Alchemists As The Principle Of Combustion. Sulphur (symbol S, Atomic Number 16, Atomic Weight 32.064), Is Widely And Abundantly Distributed In Nature, Both In The Free State ...
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphuric Acid, Oil Of Vitriol, H2so4, Is Commercially Of The Greatest Importance. The Urgency Of The Market Demand For This Acid Is Recognized As One Of The Most Accurate And Sensitive Indications Of The General State Of The Trade. Pure Sulphuric Acid Is An Oily, Colourless, Heavy Liquid (sp. Gr. ...
Sumach Or Sumac
Sumach Or Sumac, The Name Given To Numerous Shrubs And Small Trees Of The Botanical Genus Rhus (family Anacardia Ceae )which Comprises About 15o Species, Natives Chiefly Of Warm Regions. They Have A Milky Or Resinous Juice; Simple Or Com Pound Leaves; Small Flowers, With The Parts In Fours Or ...
Sumatra
Sumatra, Lying Between 5° 39' N. And 5° 57' S., So That The Equator Divides It Into Two Nearly Equal Parts, Is The Western Most, And, After Borneo, The Largest Of The Great Sunda Islands, Of The Malay Archipelago, And Forms Part Of The Dutch East Indies. Its Axis Runs ...
Sumba
Sumba (dutch Soemba), Also Known As Sandalwood, One Of The Lesser Sunda Islands, Dutch East Indies; Area 4,600 Sq.m. Sumba Forms Part Of The Residency Of Timor. The Island Is Dominated By Heights Of From 2,200 To Over 3,00o Ft. Several Bays On The North Coast Give Good Anchorage, The ...
Sumbawa
Sumbawa (dutch Soembawa), One Of The Lesser Sunda Islands, Dutch East Indies, Between Lombok And Flores, And Separated From The Former By Alas Strait And From The Latter By Sapeh Strait And The Island Of Komodo. Sumbawa With Neigh Bouring Islands, Has An Area Of 5,24o Sq.m. From 3o To ...
Sumerian Language
Sumerian Language. The Language Now Called Sumerian Was Revealed About The Middle Of The 19th Century To Sir Henry Rawlinson And Other Scholars When Examining The Baked Clay Tablets Which Had Formed The Library Of Ashurbanipal, King Of Assyria. These Had Recently Been Discovered By Layard In The Ruins Of ...
Summary Jurisdiction I
Summary Jurisdiction. (i) Meaning: The Phrase Is Now Understood In English Law As Referring To Jurisdiction, Exer Cised By Justices Of The Peace, Which May Result In A Summary Con Viction Or Order. Blackstone Divides The Proceedings In Courts Of Criminal Jurisdiction Into Two Kinds : Summary And Regular : ...
Summer Schools
Summer Schools. Courses Of Instruction Given At Educational Centres During The Summer Vacation. These Special Ized Courses Are Largely Attended By Those Wishing To Increase Their Knowledge Of Special Subjects, E.g., Teaching, Music, Drama, Handwork, Etc. Among The Earliest Summer Schools Must Be Mentioned The One Carried On At Naas ...
Sumptuary Laws
Sumptuary Laws, Those Laws Intended To Limit Or Regulate The Private Expenditure Of The Citizens Of A Community. They Have Existed Both In Ancient And In Modern States. In Greece, It Was Amongst The Dorian Races, Whose Temper Was Austere And Rigid, That They Most Prevailed. All The Inhabitants Of ...
Sunday
Sunday, The Lord's Day In The Christian World, The First Day Of The Week, And The Day Set Apart For Divine Worship In Christendom, In Memory Of The Resurrection. Early Apostolic Writings Bear Witness To The Sanctity Of The Day Dedicated To The Duties Laid Down In The Fourth Commandment, ...
Sunderland
Sunderland, Seaport, Municipal, County And Parlia Mentary Borough, Durham, England; At The Mouth Of The River Wear, On The L.n.e. Railway, 261 M. N. From London. Pop. (1931) 185,870. The Borough Includes The Township Of Bishop Wearmouth, Which Lies On The South Bank Of The River; And That Of Monkwearmouth, ...
Sundew
Sundew, In Botany, The Popular Name For A Genus Of Plants, Drosera, So Called From The Drops Of Viscid, Transparent Secretion Borne By The Tentacles Which Cover The Leaf-surface. It Is A Cos Mopolitan Genus Of Slender Glandular Herbs, With Leaves Arranged In A Basal Rosette Or Alternately On An ...
Sunflower
Sunflower. The Common Sunflower, Known Botanically As Helianthus Annum, A Member Of The Family Compositae, Is A Native Of The Great Plains Region Of The United States. It Is An Annual Herb With A Rough Hairy Stem 3 To 15 Ft. High, Broad Coarsely Toothed Rough Leaves 3 To 12 ...
Sunlight Treatment
Sunlight Treatment. (see Also Heliotherapy; Vitamins.) In Countries Where, Relatively, There Is Much Per Sistent Cloud, In Extreme Northern Or Southern Lands Where Night Is Long In Winter, On The Sunless Slopes Of Mountains Or In Sunless Valleys, In Factory Towns Where Smoke Defiles The Atmosphere With Its Soot Particles, ...
Sunshine
Sunshine. As A Meteorological Element Sunshine Requires Some Conventional Definition. There Is Uninterrupted Continu Ance Of Gradation From The Burning Sunshine Of A Tropical Noon To The Pale Luminosity That Throws No Shadow, But Just Identifies The Shape Of The Sun Through The Thin Clouds Of Northern Skies. The Campbell-stokes ...
Sunstroke And Heatstroke
Sunstroke And Heatstroke, A Term Applied To The Effects Produced Upon The Central Nervous System, And Through It Upon Other Organs Of The Body, By Exposure To The Sun Or To Overheated Air. Although Most Frequently Observed In Tropical Regions, The Condition Occurs Also In Temperate Climates During Hot Weather. ...
Superannuation
Superannuation. The Custom Of Providing Pensions For Aged Employees Who, After Meritorious Service, Are No Longer Able To Discharge Their Duties Efficiently, Has Become Increasingly Common Since The Middle Of The 29th Century. The Problem Of Mitigating The Hardships Of Old Age Has Been Attacked From Many Angles And A ...
Superintendent
Superintendent, A Term Which, Apart From Its General Use For An Official In Charge, Has A Distinct Religious Connotation, Being Applied, E.g., To The Head Of A Sunday School And To The Chief Minister In A Methodist Circuit. In Its Most Important Historical Sense It Refers To Certain Ecclesiastical Officers ...
Superior
Superior, A City In The North-western Corner Of Wisconsin, U.s.a., At The Western End Of Lake Superior, Opposite Duluth (minnesota), With Which It Is Connected By Bridges; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Douglas County. It Is On Federal Highways 2 And 53, And Is Served By ...
Supernaturalism
Supernaturalism, A Term That May Be Used For The Attitude Of Mind In Which Experience Of The Unfamiliar Or Un Canny Appears To Invest It With A Distinct Character, As If It Be Longed To A World Of Its Own. On The Psychological Side It Involves The Somewhat Complex Mood ...
Superstition
Superstition. Like Many Words Having A Derogatory Sense, "superstition" Is Often Loosely And Vaguely Used, And Is Therefore Not Easy To Define. To Identify It, For Example, With False Belief Or Practice Would Be Quite Misleading. For In The First Place, The Field In Which Superstition Is Generally To Be ...
Supply And Demand
Supply And Demand. Economics, Or Political Econ Omy, Is Sometimes Defined As The Science Of Supply And Demand. Although This Is An Inadequate Definition It Cannot Be Said To Be Altogether Misleading. A Very Important Part Of Economics, And The Part Which Probably Has The Best Title To The Name ...
Supra Renal Extract
Supra-renal Extract. In Medicine, The Sterilized Glycerin Extract Of The Supra-renal Gland Of The Sheep, The Dose Being 5 To 15 Minims. The Active Principle Adrenaline Or Epine Phrine Occurs Only In The Medulla Of The Gland. It Forms Minute White Crystals, Soluble In Weak Solutions Of Hydrochloric Acid And ...
Supreme Council
Supreme Council. This Term Was Evolved To Denote The Organ Of Supreme Control At The Peace Conference At Paris In 1919. It Was Thought By Some That This Device Was A New One, And The Phrase "diplomacy By Conference" Was Coined To Express It. But, In Fact, A Similar Procedure ...