TALLAGE was a tax which in England could be imposed by a feudal lord upon his unfree tenants. The king could tallage the towns and his demesne manors. A lesser lord could tallage his demesne manors. The royal tallage of the boroughs to some extent took the place of Danegeld under Henry II., the latter tax having ceased to be very profitable. Growing prosperity made tallages justifiable. Moreover Henry had a better machinery for the assessment and collection of tallage than any king before him. His judges, financial as well as legal experts, were going round the shires more frequently than any previous royal ministers. They could assess the tallages, and the Exchequer (q.v.) could see that they were paid. The tax might be arranged by the judges in one of two ways ; they might bargain with the town or manor to provide a definite sum for the king, or they might tallage the individual burgesses. The former practice was more usually fol lowed. In the 13th century the custom of summoning representa tives from the boroughs to meet the king and his magnates in parliament grew more frequent and the practice of taking tallages from the towns began to fall out of use, since grants were made to the king in the parliament. Nevertheless he kept his right of tallaging the boroughs. Edward I. took a tallage in 1304, his son in 1312. His grandson tried to take one in 1332, but owing to opposition took a grant from parliament instead. In the 12th cen tury the lord seems to have been able to tallage his men at will; his exactions were bounded only by the custom of the manor, which might either limit his right narrowly or allow him consider able latitude in the matter. Beginning with the Inquest of Sheriffs in 117o the kings took more and more interest in the relations between lord and man, and in time the right of the lord to tallage his men was closely restricted. He had to obtain a license from the king before he could take a tallage. The right of towns, too to tax individual burgesses was very narrowly limited. The king
would allow a tallage to be taken for a necessary public work, or for the payment of sums due to him, but he kept a careful watch on the taxing powers of the borough magistrates. (D. M. S.) TALLAHASSEE, the capital city of Florida, U.S.A., and the county seat of Leon county; in the northern part of the State, on Federal highway 9o, midway between Jacksonville and Pensacola, and 20 m. N. of the Gulf of Mexico. It has a munici pal airport, and is served by the Georgia, Florida and Alabama and the Seaboard Air Line railways. Pop. 6,415 in 1925 (State census), of whom 2,975 were negroes; and was 10,70o in 193o by the Federal census. It has a fine location, being situated on a hill 216 ft. above sea-level, in a region of rolling hills, numerous lakes and streams, giant magnolia trees and majestic oaks which are hung with Spanish moss. The streets are wide and well shaded. The State capitol, the Supreme Court and Library building, the Gov ernor's mansion and other public buildings, are dignified and pleasing. The city is a shipping point for cotton, corn, tobacco, fruit and vegetables; has railroad shops and various manufactur ing industries; and is the seat of the Florida State college for women and the State Normal and Industrial school for negroes. It has a commission-manager form of government. Tradition says that the Spaniards, about 1638, fortified a hill near the present site of Tallahassee, during a war with the Apalachee Indians. About 1818 most of the Indians were driven out of this region and a settlement was made by the whites, and in 1824 Tallahassee was chosen by the U.S. Government to be the capital of the Territory of Florida. From 1821 it was the home of Charles Louis Napoleon Achille Murat (1801-47; the eldest son of Joachim Murat), who became an American citizen, married a grand-niece of George Washington, and held various municipal offices in Tallahassee. Florida's Ordinance of Secession was adopted by a state convention meeting in Tallahassee on Jan. ro, 186i.